The association between ambient NO2 and PM2.5 with the respiratory health of school children residing in informal settlements: A prospective cohort study
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The association between ambient NO2 and PM2.5 with the respiratory health of school children residing in informal settlements: A prospective cohort study. / Olaniyan, Toyib; Jeebhay, Mohamed; Röösli, Martin; Naidoo, Rajen N; Künzli, Nino; de Hoogh, Kees; Saucy, Apolline; Badpa, Mahnaz; Baatjies, Roslynn; Parker, Bhawoodien; Leaner, Joy; Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel.
In: ENVIRON RES, Vol. 186, 07.2020, p. 109606.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The association between ambient NO2 and PM2.5 with the respiratory health of school children residing in informal settlements: A prospective cohort study
AU - Olaniyan, Toyib
AU - Jeebhay, Mohamed
AU - Röösli, Martin
AU - Naidoo, Rajen N
AU - Künzli, Nino
AU - de Hoogh, Kees
AU - Saucy, Apolline
AU - Badpa, Mahnaz
AU - Baatjies, Roslynn
AU - Parker, Bhawoodien
AU - Leaner, Joy
AU - Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel
N1 - Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/7
Y1 - 2020/7
N2 - BACKGROUND: No previous epidemiological study has investigated the combined association of long-term ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter of diameter size-2.5 (PM2.5) exposure with asthma outcomes among schoolchildren in Africa.OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the independent and co-pollutant association of long-term exposures to ambient air pollutants on asthma-associated outcomes in a cohort of schoolchildren in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.METHODS: A total of 590 grade-4 schoolchildren residing in four informal settlements were studied. Spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric-oxide (FeNO) measurements were conducted, including a standardized questionnaire administered to caregivers at baseline and 12-months follow-up. Annual NO2 and PM2.5 levels were estimated for each child's home using land-use regression modelling. Single- and two-pollutant models were constructed to assess the independent and co-pollutant association of both air pollutants (NO2 and PM2.5) on new cases of asthma-associated outcomes adjusting-for host characteristics, indoor exposures and study area.RESULTS: The annual average concentration of PM2.5 and NO2 were 10.01μg/m3 and 16.62μg/m3 respectively, across the four study areas, and were below the local Standards of 20μg/m3 and 40μg/m3, for both pollutants, respectively. In the two-pollutant-adjusted models, an interquartile range (IQR) increase of 14.2μg/m3 in NO2 was associated with an increased risk of new onset of ocular-nasal symptoms (adjusted odds ratio-aOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.60), wheezing (aOR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.18-10.92), more than two or more asthma symptom score (aOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.02-2.86), and airway inflammation defined as FeNO > 35 ppb (aOR: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.10-8.71), independent of PM2.5 exposures.CONCLUSION: This study provided evidence that ambient NO2 levels below local standards and international guidelines, independent of PM2.5 exposure, increases new cases of asthma-associated outcomes after 12-months.
AB - BACKGROUND: No previous epidemiological study has investigated the combined association of long-term ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter of diameter size-2.5 (PM2.5) exposure with asthma outcomes among schoolchildren in Africa.OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the independent and co-pollutant association of long-term exposures to ambient air pollutants on asthma-associated outcomes in a cohort of schoolchildren in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.METHODS: A total of 590 grade-4 schoolchildren residing in four informal settlements were studied. Spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric-oxide (FeNO) measurements were conducted, including a standardized questionnaire administered to caregivers at baseline and 12-months follow-up. Annual NO2 and PM2.5 levels were estimated for each child's home using land-use regression modelling. Single- and two-pollutant models were constructed to assess the independent and co-pollutant association of both air pollutants (NO2 and PM2.5) on new cases of asthma-associated outcomes adjusting-for host characteristics, indoor exposures and study area.RESULTS: The annual average concentration of PM2.5 and NO2 were 10.01μg/m3 and 16.62μg/m3 respectively, across the four study areas, and were below the local Standards of 20μg/m3 and 40μg/m3, for both pollutants, respectively. In the two-pollutant-adjusted models, an interquartile range (IQR) increase of 14.2μg/m3 in NO2 was associated with an increased risk of new onset of ocular-nasal symptoms (adjusted odds ratio-aOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.60), wheezing (aOR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.18-10.92), more than two or more asthma symptom score (aOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.02-2.86), and airway inflammation defined as FeNO > 35 ppb (aOR: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.10-8.71), independent of PM2.5 exposures.CONCLUSION: This study provided evidence that ambient NO2 levels below local standards and international guidelines, independent of PM2.5 exposure, increases new cases of asthma-associated outcomes after 12-months.
KW - Air Pollutants/adverse effects
KW - Air Pollution/adverse effects
KW - Child
KW - Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
KW - Humans
KW - Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis
KW - Particulate Matter/analysis
KW - Prospective Studies
KW - South Africa/epidemiology
U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109606
DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109606
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 32371276
VL - 186
SP - 109606
JO - ENVIRON RES
JF - ENVIRON RES
SN - 0013-9351
ER -