Leukocyte DNA damage after multi-detector row CT

TY - JOUR

T1 - Leukocyte DNA damage after multi-detector row CT

T2 - a quantitative biomarker of low-level radiation exposure

AU - Rothkamm, Kai

AU - Balroop, Sheena

AU - Shekhdar, Jane

AU - Fernie, Patricia

AU - Goh, Vicky

N1 - Copyright (c) RSNA, 2007.

PY - 2007/1

Y1 - 2007/1

N2 - PURPOSE: To prospectively determine if gammaH2AX (phosphorylated form of H2AX histone variant)-based visualization and quantification of DNA damage induced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can be used to estimate the radiation dose received by adult patients who undergo multidetector computed tomography (CT).MATERIALS AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval and written informed patient consent were obtained, eight women and five men (mean age, 63.8 years) who would be undergoing chest-abdominal-pelvic CT or chest CT only were recruited. Venous blood samples obtained before scanning were exposed to different radiation doses in vitro and incubated for 5-30 minutes to obtain reference values of gammaH2AX focus yield. Additional blood samples were taken 5-30 minutes after CT. Leukocytes were isolated, fixed, and stained for gammaH2AX expression. The gammaH2AX focus yields were determined with fluorescence microscopy, and the radiation doses delivered during CT were estimated by comparing post-CT focus yields with in vitro pre-CT focus yields. These CT radiation doses were compared with doses calculated by using phantom dosimetry and Monte Carlo data sets. Data were analyzed by using linear regression, the dispersion index test, and the contaminated Poisson method.RESULTS: Compared with the gammaH2AX focus yields in blood samples taken before CT (0.06 focus per cell+/-0.01 [mean+/-standard error of mean]), the yields in blood samples taken 5 minutes after chest-abdominal-pelvic CT (0.52 focus per cell+/-0.02) were 8-10-fold higher and corresponded to a mean radiation dose of 16.4 mGy (95% confidence interval: 15.1, 17.7). The mean yield of 0.24 focus per cell+/-0.04 in one patient after chest CT corresponded to a mean radiation dose of 6.3 mGy+/-1.4. In comparison, phantom dosimetry-calculated total blood doses were 13.85 mGy with whole-body CT and 5.16 mGy with chest CT.CONCLUSION: gammaH2AX focus yield in blood cells may be a useful quantitative biomarker of human low-level radiation exposure.

AB - PURPOSE: To prospectively determine if gammaH2AX (phosphorylated form of H2AX histone variant)-based visualization and quantification of DNA damage induced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can be used to estimate the radiation dose received by adult patients who undergo multidetector computed tomography (CT).MATERIALS AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval and written informed patient consent were obtained, eight women and five men (mean age, 63.8 years) who would be undergoing chest-abdominal-pelvic CT or chest CT only were recruited. Venous blood samples obtained before scanning were exposed to different radiation doses in vitro and incubated for 5-30 minutes to obtain reference values of gammaH2AX focus yield. Additional blood samples were taken 5-30 minutes after CT. Leukocytes were isolated, fixed, and stained for gammaH2AX expression. The gammaH2AX focus yields were determined with fluorescence microscopy, and the radiation doses delivered during CT were estimated by comparing post-CT focus yields with in vitro pre-CT focus yields. These CT radiation doses were compared with doses calculated by using phantom dosimetry and Monte Carlo data sets. Data were analyzed by using linear regression, the dispersion index test, and the contaminated Poisson method.RESULTS: Compared with the gammaH2AX focus yields in blood samples taken before CT (0.06 focus per cell+/-0.01 [mean+/-standard error of mean]), the yields in blood samples taken 5 minutes after chest-abdominal-pelvic CT (0.52 focus per cell+/-0.02) were 8-10-fold higher and corresponded to a mean radiation dose of 16.4 mGy (95% confidence interval: 15.1, 17.7). The mean yield of 0.24 focus per cell+/-0.04 in one patient after chest CT corresponded to a mean radiation dose of 6.3 mGy+/-1.4. In comparison, phantom dosimetry-calculated total blood doses were 13.85 mGy with whole-body CT and 5.16 mGy with chest CT.CONCLUSION: gammaH2AX focus yield in blood cells may be a useful quantitative biomarker of human low-level radiation exposure.

KW - Aged

KW - Biomarkers

KW - DNA/genetics

KW - DNA Damage

KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

KW - Environmental Exposure/adverse effects

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Leukocytes/radiation effects

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Radiation Dosage

KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed/adverse effects

U2 - 10.1148/radiol.2421060171

DO - 10.1148/radiol.2421060171

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 17185671

VL - 242

SP - 244

EP - 251

JO - RADIOLOGY

JF - RADIOLOGY

SN - 0033-8419

IS - 1

ER -