Langerhans cells in oral mucosa and epidermis have been identified using antibodies to intermediate filament proteins in conjunction with antibodies to T6 and HLA-DR antigens. Langerhans cells, lymphocytes and melanocytes are positive when tested with antibodies to vimentin, and negative with antibodies to prekeratin. Langerhans cells are also positive with antibodies directed against HLA-DR and T6 antigens. In contrast keratinocytes are positive for prekeratin and negative for vimentin, HLA-DR and T6. These methods provide a useful tool for the identification of Langerhans cells at the level of the light microscope, and have been used to show changes in the number and arrangement of these cells in squamous cell carcinomas of skin and oral mucosa, and in inflammatory conditions.
