Hamstring injury patterns in professional male football (soccer): a systematic video analysis of 52 cases
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Hamstring injury patterns in professional male football (soccer): a systematic video analysis of 52 cases. / Gronwald, Thomas; Klein, Christian; Hoenig, Tim; Pietzonka, Micha; Bloch, Hendrik; Edouard, Pascal; Hollander, Karsten.
In: BRIT J SPORT MED, Vol. 56, No. 3, 02.2022, p. 165-171.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Hamstring injury patterns in professional male football (soccer): a systematic video analysis of 52 cases
AU - Gronwald, Thomas
AU - Klein, Christian
AU - Hoenig, Tim
AU - Pietzonka, Micha
AU - Bloch, Hendrik
AU - Edouard, Pascal
AU - Hollander, Karsten
N1 - © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
PY - 2022/2
Y1 - 2022/2
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To closely describe the injury inciting events of acute hamstring injuries in professional male football (soccer) using systematic video analysis.METHODS: Video footage from four seasons (2014-2019) of the two highest divisions in German male football was searched for moderate and severe (ie, time loss of >7 days) acute non-contact and indirect contact match hamstring injuries. Two raters independently categorised inciting events using a standardised procedure to determine specific injury patterns and kinematics.RESULTS: 52 cases of hamstring injuries were included for specific pattern analysis. The pattern analysis revealed 25 sprint-related (48%) and 27 stretch-related hamstring injuries (52%). All sprint-related hamstring injuries occured during linear acceleration or high-speed running. Stretch-related hamstring injuries were connected with closed chain movements like braking or stopping with a lunging or landing action and open chain movements like kicking. The kinematic analysis of stretch-related injuries revealed a change of movement involving knee flexion to knee extension and a knee angle of <45° at the assumed injury frame in all open and closed chain movements. Biceps femoris was the most affected muscle (79%) of all included cases.CONCLUSION: Despite the variety of inciting events, rapid movements with high eccentric demands of the posterior thigh are likely the main hamstring injury mechanism. This study provides important data about how hamstring injuries occur in professional male football and supports the need for demand-specific multicomponent risk reduction programmes.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To closely describe the injury inciting events of acute hamstring injuries in professional male football (soccer) using systematic video analysis.METHODS: Video footage from four seasons (2014-2019) of the two highest divisions in German male football was searched for moderate and severe (ie, time loss of >7 days) acute non-contact and indirect contact match hamstring injuries. Two raters independently categorised inciting events using a standardised procedure to determine specific injury patterns and kinematics.RESULTS: 52 cases of hamstring injuries were included for specific pattern analysis. The pattern analysis revealed 25 sprint-related (48%) and 27 stretch-related hamstring injuries (52%). All sprint-related hamstring injuries occured during linear acceleration or high-speed running. Stretch-related hamstring injuries were connected with closed chain movements like braking or stopping with a lunging or landing action and open chain movements like kicking. The kinematic analysis of stretch-related injuries revealed a change of movement involving knee flexion to knee extension and a knee angle of <45° at the assumed injury frame in all open and closed chain movements. Biceps femoris was the most affected muscle (79%) of all included cases.CONCLUSION: Despite the variety of inciting events, rapid movements with high eccentric demands of the posterior thigh are likely the main hamstring injury mechanism. This study provides important data about how hamstring injuries occur in professional male football and supports the need for demand-specific multicomponent risk reduction programmes.
KW - Athletic Injuries/etiology
KW - Football
KW - Hamstring Muscles/injuries
KW - Humans
KW - Leg Injuries
KW - Male
KW - Running
KW - Soccer
U2 - 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104769
DO - 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104769
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 34876406
VL - 56
SP - 165
EP - 171
JO - BRIT J SPORT MED
JF - BRIT J SPORT MED
SN - 0306-3674
IS - 3
ER -