Candidate biomarkers in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction

CONTEXT: Patients presenting with heart failure symptoms are categorized into heart failure (HF) with reduced and preserved ejection fraction.

OBJECTIVE: Aim is to investigate the additional use of candidate biomarkers to characterize patients with either sub-type of HF.

METHODS: Literature search was conducted in the electronic databases MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception through November 2014.

RESULTS: The results of 47 diseased and general population cohorts were included.

CONCLUSION: Current studies could outline the additional use of candidate biomarkers especially GDF-15, MR-proADM and high-sensitive determined troponin, although major outcome studies are still missing.