Toll-like receptors as targets in chronic liver diseases.

TY - JOUR

T1 - Toll-like receptors as targets in chronic liver diseases.

AU - Mencin, A

AU - Kluwe, Johannes

AU - Schwabe, R F

PY - 2009

Y1 - 2009

N2 - Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to detect the presence of pathogens. In addition to their role in innate immunity, TLRs also play a major role in the regulation of inflammation, even under sterile conditions such as injury and wound healing. This involvement has been suggested to depend, at least in part, on the ability of TLRs to recognise several endogenous TLR ligands termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The liver not only represents a major target of bacterial PAMPs in many disease states but also upregulates several DAMPs following injury. Accordingly, TLR-mediated signals have been implicated in a number of chronic liver diseases. Here, we will summarise recent findings on the role TLRs and TLR ligands in the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, and highlight the potential role of TLR agonists, antagonists and probiotics for the treatment of chronic liver disease.

AB - Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to detect the presence of pathogens. In addition to their role in innate immunity, TLRs also play a major role in the regulation of inflammation, even under sterile conditions such as injury and wound healing. This involvement has been suggested to depend, at least in part, on the ability of TLRs to recognise several endogenous TLR ligands termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The liver not only represents a major target of bacterial PAMPs in many disease states but also upregulates several DAMPs following injury. Accordingly, TLR-mediated signals have been implicated in a number of chronic liver diseases. Here, we will summarise recent findings on the role TLRs and TLR ligands in the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, and highlight the potential role of TLR agonists, antagonists and probiotics for the treatment of chronic liver disease.

KW - Humans

KW - Bacterial Translocation

KW - Chronic Disease

KW - Hyaluronic Acid immunology

KW - Immunity, Innate physiology

KW - Ligands

KW - Liver metabolism

KW - Liver Diseases etiology

KW - Probiotics therapeutic use

KW - Signal Transduction immunology

KW - Toll-Like Receptors agonists

KW - Up-Regulation

KW - Humans

KW - Bacterial Translocation

KW - Chronic Disease

KW - Hyaluronic Acid immunology

KW - Immunity, Innate physiology

KW - Ligands

KW - Liver metabolism

KW - Liver Diseases etiology

KW - Probiotics therapeutic use

KW - Signal Transduction immunology

KW - Toll-Like Receptors agonists

KW - Up-Regulation

M3 - SCORING: Zeitschriftenaufsatz

VL - 58

SP - 704

EP - 720

JO - GUT

JF - GUT

SN - 0017-5749

IS - 5

M1 - 5

ER -