The local cytokine and chemokine milieu within malignant effusions.
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The local cytokine and chemokine milieu within malignant effusions. / Atanackovic, Djordje; Cao, Yanran; Kim, Ji-Won; Brandl, Stephan; Thoem, Ina; Faltz, Christiane; Hildebrandt, York; Bartels, Katrin; De Weerth, Andreas; Hegewisch-Becker, Susanna; Hossfeld, Dieter; Bokemeyer, Carsten.
in: TUMOR BIOL, Jahrgang 29, Nr. 2, 2, 2008, S. 93-104.Publikationen: SCORING: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift/Zeitung › SCORING: Zeitschriftenaufsatz › Forschung › Begutachtung
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T1 - The local cytokine and chemokine milieu within malignant effusions.
AU - Atanackovic, Djordje
AU - Cao, Yanran
AU - Kim, Ji-Won
AU - Brandl, Stephan
AU - Thoem, Ina
AU - Faltz, Christiane
AU - Hildebrandt, York
AU - Bartels, Katrin
AU - De Weerth, Andreas
AU - Hegewisch-Becker, Susanna
AU - Hossfeld, Dieter
AU - Bokemeyer, Carsten
PY - 2008
Y1 - 2008
N2 - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Malignant effusions offer a unique opportunity for the study of interactions between the human immune system and cancer. We have recently demonstrated that malignant effusions are characterized by an accumulation of T cells expressing chemokine receptors such as CCR4, which is commonly found on Th2 cells. In contrast, effector T cells expressing chemokine receptors typical for Th1 cells, such as CCR5, showed a diminished homing into malignant effusions. METHODS: We analyzed concentrations of 12 different cytokines and 9 chemokines within malignant and nonmalignant effusions and investigated cytokine expression by effusion-infiltrating leukocytes. RESULTS: We observed that concentrations of the immunoregulatory cytokine TGF-beta(1) and of angiogenic factors VEGF and IL-8 were markedly increased within effusions caused by malignancies. However, we did not observe signs of a typical Th1 or Th2 milieu. Analyzing concentrations of 9 different chemokines, we found elevated concentrations of the chemokines MDC, eotaxin, I-TAC, and MCP-1 in malignant effusions. Interestingly, tumor-infiltrating leukocytes themselves seemed to contribute strongly to the creation of a distinct cytokine/chemokine pattern within cancer-related effusions. Additional analyses suggested that this cytokine/chemokine milieu might support an enrichment of immunosuppressive leukocytes. CONCLUSION: The local cytokine and chemokine milieu within malignant effusions seems to promote angiogenesis and to block an efficient immune-mediated antitumor response. An elimination of such tumor-promoting influences will be necessary in order to transform local immunotolerance into clinically relevant immune recognition of tumors causing malignant effusions.
AB - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Malignant effusions offer a unique opportunity for the study of interactions between the human immune system and cancer. We have recently demonstrated that malignant effusions are characterized by an accumulation of T cells expressing chemokine receptors such as CCR4, which is commonly found on Th2 cells. In contrast, effector T cells expressing chemokine receptors typical for Th1 cells, such as CCR5, showed a diminished homing into malignant effusions. METHODS: We analyzed concentrations of 12 different cytokines and 9 chemokines within malignant and nonmalignant effusions and investigated cytokine expression by effusion-infiltrating leukocytes. RESULTS: We observed that concentrations of the immunoregulatory cytokine TGF-beta(1) and of angiogenic factors VEGF and IL-8 were markedly increased within effusions caused by malignancies. However, we did not observe signs of a typical Th1 or Th2 milieu. Analyzing concentrations of 9 different chemokines, we found elevated concentrations of the chemokines MDC, eotaxin, I-TAC, and MCP-1 in malignant effusions. Interestingly, tumor-infiltrating leukocytes themselves seemed to contribute strongly to the creation of a distinct cytokine/chemokine pattern within cancer-related effusions. Additional analyses suggested that this cytokine/chemokine milieu might support an enrichment of immunosuppressive leukocytes. CONCLUSION: The local cytokine and chemokine milieu within malignant effusions seems to promote angiogenesis and to block an efficient immune-mediated antitumor response. An elimination of such tumor-promoting influences will be necessary in order to transform local immunotolerance into clinically relevant immune recognition of tumors causing malignant effusions.
M3 - SCORING: Zeitschriftenaufsatz
VL - 29
SP - 93
EP - 104
JO - TUMOR BIOL
JF - TUMOR BIOL
SN - 1010-4283
IS - 2
M1 - 2
ER -