Cytokine Storm - Definition, Causes, and Implications

Dominik Jarczak; Axel Nierhaus

doi:10.3390/ijms231911740

Cytokine Storm - Definition, Causes, and Implications

Standard

Cytokine Storm - Definition, Causes, and Implications. / Jarczak, Dominik ; Nierhaus, Axel.

in: INT J MOL SCI, Jahrgang 23, Nr. 19, 11740, 03.10.2022.

Publikationen: SCORING: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift/Zeitung › SCORING: Review › Forschung

Harvard

Jarczak, D & Nierhaus, A 2022, 'Cytokine Storm - Definition, Causes, and Implications', INT J MOL SCI, Jg. 23, Nr. 19, 11740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911740

APA

Jarczak, D., & Nierhaus, A. (2022). Cytokine Storm - Definition, Causes, and Implications. INT J MOL SCI, 23(19), [11740]. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911740

Vancouver

Jarczak D , Nierhaus A. Cytokine Storm - Definition, Causes, and Implications. INT J MOL SCI. 2022 Okt 3;23(19). 11740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911740

Bibtex

@article{a02239d0ad8c4dac9ca5e01894e96df1,

title = "Cytokine Storm - Definition, Causes, and Implications",

abstract = "The human innate and adaptive immune systems consist of effector cells producing cytokines (interleukins, interferons, chemokines, and numerous other mediators). Usually, a fragile equilibrium of pro- and anti-inflammation effects is maintained by complex regulatory mechanisms. Disturbances of this homeostasis can lead to intricate chain reactions resulting in a massive release of cytokines. This may result in a drastic self-reinforcement of various feedback mechanisms, which can ultimately lead to systemic damage, multi-organ failure, or death. Not only pathogens can initiate such disturbances, but also congenital diseases or immunomodulatory therapies. Due to the complex and diverse interactions within the innate and adaptive immune systems, the understanding of this important clinical syndrome is incomplete to date and effective therapeutic approaches remain scarce.",

keywords = "Chemokines, Cytokine Release Syndrome, Cytokines, Humans, Interferons, Interleukins",

author = "Dominik Jarczak and Axel Nierhaus",

year = "2022",

month = oct,

day = "3",

doi = "10.3390/ijms231911740",

language = "English",

volume = "23",

journal = "INT J MOL SCI",

issn = "1661-6596",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "19",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Cytokine Storm - Definition, Causes, and Implications

AU - Jarczak, Dominik

AU - Nierhaus, Axel

PY - 2022/10/3

Y1 - 2022/10/3

N2 - The human innate and adaptive immune systems consist of effector cells producing cytokines (interleukins, interferons, chemokines, and numerous other mediators). Usually, a fragile equilibrium of pro- and anti-inflammation effects is maintained by complex regulatory mechanisms. Disturbances of this homeostasis can lead to intricate chain reactions resulting in a massive release of cytokines. This may result in a drastic self-reinforcement of various feedback mechanisms, which can ultimately lead to systemic damage, multi-organ failure, or death. Not only pathogens can initiate such disturbances, but also congenital diseases or immunomodulatory therapies. Due to the complex and diverse interactions within the innate and adaptive immune systems, the understanding of this important clinical syndrome is incomplete to date and effective therapeutic approaches remain scarce.

AB - The human innate and adaptive immune systems consist of effector cells producing cytokines (interleukins, interferons, chemokines, and numerous other mediators). Usually, a fragile equilibrium of pro- and anti-inflammation effects is maintained by complex regulatory mechanisms. Disturbances of this homeostasis can lead to intricate chain reactions resulting in a massive release of cytokines. This may result in a drastic self-reinforcement of various feedback mechanisms, which can ultimately lead to systemic damage, multi-organ failure, or death. Not only pathogens can initiate such disturbances, but also congenital diseases or immunomodulatory therapies. Due to the complex and diverse interactions within the innate and adaptive immune systems, the understanding of this important clinical syndrome is incomplete to date and effective therapeutic approaches remain scarce.

KW - Chemokines

KW - Cytokine Release Syndrome

KW - Cytokines

KW - Humans

KW - Interferons

KW - Interleukins

U2 - 10.3390/ijms231911740

DO - 10.3390/ijms231911740

M3 - SCORING: Review article

C2 - 36233040

VL - 23

JO - INT J MOL SCI

JF - INT J MOL SCI

SN - 1661-6596

IS - 19

M1 - 11740

ER -