Willingness to pay for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the general adult population

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to examine the willingness to pay (WTP) for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests and its correlates during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: A representative online survey was conducted in late summer 2021 (with n = 3075; the average age was 44.5 years; 14.8 years ranging from 18 to 70 years) in Germany. Two-part models were conducted. Various correlates (such as empathy or altruism) were included in the regression analysis.

RESULTS: The average WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests (in euros) was 6.6 (standard deviation 8.4) in the general adult population. It markedly differed between subgroups (e.g. the average WTP was 2.9 among individuals not vaccinated against COVID-19 and 7.5 among individuals vaccinated against COVID-19; it was 5.4 among the lowest income decile, whereas it was 8.6 among the highest income decile). Regressions showed that a higher WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests was associated with being male, being in the highest income group, being vaccinated against COVID-19, and having higher levels of empathy.

CONCLUSIONS: As the very first study in this area, our study described WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests and some interesting differences between population subgroups. In particular, individuals not vaccinated against COVID-19 reported a low WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests. Approximately one-fourth of the sample reported a WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests of €0 among individuals vaccinated against COVID-19, whereas approximately two-thirds of those not vaccinated against COVID-19 reported such a WTP. Knowledge about the WTP for COVID-19 rapid antigen tests is important for policy makers (e.g. for testing strategies) during this pandemic. It may also give a rough estimation of the acceptance of such rapid tests.