What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old?

TY - JOUR

T1 - What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old?

AU - Hajek, André

AU - König, Hans-Helmut

N1 - Copyright © 2022 Hajek and König.

PY - 2022/12/22

Y1 - 2022/12/22

N2 - PURPOSE: Most of the existing studies did not explicitly focus on the oldest old who are at high risk of functional impairment. Moreover, some potential risk factors (such as financial poverty) of functional impairment have been neglected so far. Thus, our aim was to clarify the determinants (with a particular emphasis on financial poverty) of functional impairment exclusively among the oldest old.METHODS: Data were taken from the "Survey on quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW80+)" - a representative sample of individuals ≥80 years (community-dwelling and in institutionalized settings) in North Rhine-Westphalia (n = 1,863, average age was 86.5 years, ranging from 80 to 102 years). Common tools were used to quantify functional impairment. In regression analysis, these determinants were included: sex, age, marital status, educational level, income poverty, asset poverty, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and the number of chronic conditions.RESULTS: Multiple linear regressions showed that higher functional impairment was associated with being female (ADL, β = 0.06, p < 0.01; IADL, β = 0.09, p < 0.01), higher age (ADL, β = 0.02, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.04, p < 0.001), low education (compared to high education: IADL, β = -0.10, p < 0.05), the presence of income poverty (ADL, β = 0.09, p < 0.05; IADL, β = 0.16, p < 0.01), more depressive symptoms (ADL, β = 0.12, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.14, p < 0.001), higher cognitive impairment (ADL, β = -0.03, p < 0.001; IADL, β = -0.06, p < 0.001), and a higher number of chronic conditions (ADL, β = 0.03, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.05, p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Several determinants of functional impairment among the oldest old have been identified (i.e., being female, higher age, low education, presence of income poverty, more depressive symptoms, higher cognitive impairment, and more chronic conditions). Such knowledge (e.g., regarding the association between income poverty and functional impairment) may assist in characterizing individuals aged 80 years and over at high risk for functional impairment. Ultimately, such knowledge may help to design specific interventions for high risk groups. Moreover, such knowledge may enrich the research areas addressing inequalities.

AB - PURPOSE: Most of the existing studies did not explicitly focus on the oldest old who are at high risk of functional impairment. Moreover, some potential risk factors (such as financial poverty) of functional impairment have been neglected so far. Thus, our aim was to clarify the determinants (with a particular emphasis on financial poverty) of functional impairment exclusively among the oldest old.METHODS: Data were taken from the "Survey on quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW80+)" - a representative sample of individuals ≥80 years (community-dwelling and in institutionalized settings) in North Rhine-Westphalia (n = 1,863, average age was 86.5 years, ranging from 80 to 102 years). Common tools were used to quantify functional impairment. In regression analysis, these determinants were included: sex, age, marital status, educational level, income poverty, asset poverty, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and the number of chronic conditions.RESULTS: Multiple linear regressions showed that higher functional impairment was associated with being female (ADL, β = 0.06, p < 0.01; IADL, β = 0.09, p < 0.01), higher age (ADL, β = 0.02, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.04, p < 0.001), low education (compared to high education: IADL, β = -0.10, p < 0.05), the presence of income poverty (ADL, β = 0.09, p < 0.05; IADL, β = 0.16, p < 0.01), more depressive symptoms (ADL, β = 0.12, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.14, p < 0.001), higher cognitive impairment (ADL, β = -0.03, p < 0.001; IADL, β = -0.06, p < 0.001), and a higher number of chronic conditions (ADL, β = 0.03, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.05, p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Several determinants of functional impairment among the oldest old have been identified (i.e., being female, higher age, low education, presence of income poverty, more depressive symptoms, higher cognitive impairment, and more chronic conditions). Such knowledge (e.g., regarding the association between income poverty and functional impairment) may assist in characterizing individuals aged 80 years and over at high risk for functional impairment. Ultimately, such knowledge may help to design specific interventions for high risk groups. Moreover, such knowledge may enrich the research areas addressing inequalities.

U2 - 10.3389/fmed.2022.1092775

DO - 10.3389/fmed.2022.1092775

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 36619629

VL - 9

JO - FRONT MED-LAUSANNE

JF - FRONT MED-LAUSANNE

SN - 2296-858X

M1 - 1092775

ER -