Urinary Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 as a Tumour Marker

TY - JOUR

T1 - Urinary Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 as a Tumour Marker

T2 - Biochemical and Clinical Aspects

AU - Schmid, Marianne

AU - Hansen, Jens

AU - Chun, Felix K-H

PY - 2015

Y1 - 2015

N2 - Due to low specificity of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) we face a certain risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of Prostate Cancer (PCa). The benefits and harms of PSA-screening are controversially discussed. To overcome this weakness of PSA novel PCa biomarkers and detection tools are required.The urine-based biomarker Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 (PCA3) has been shown to be highly PCa-specific. Application of PCA3 was tested in the diagnostic setting and staging. Several studies pointed out the additional value of PCA3 for further stratification of men selected for biopsy (BX) based on an elevated PSA and/or an abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE). Its combined use with established clinical risk factors for positive prostate BX, particularly within nomograms or risk calculators, may represent a valid and helpful aid for clinicians in patient counselling and BX indication confirmation.When it comes to prediction of favourable or unfavourable histopathological features, respectively, such as tumour volume or PCa significance, PCA3's value remains controversial. Based on relatively small patient numbers, PCA3 has been identified to independently predict small-volume and insignificant PCa. However, in other studies PCA3 was not associated with advanced disease and its ability of predicting PCa aggressiveness in men undergoing radical prostatectomy is limited.PCA3's value may be best given for BX outcome prediction. Finally, the implementation of the PCA3 promoter in developing new highly PCa-specific gene therapies represents a promising perspective in the near future.

AB - Due to low specificity of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) we face a certain risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of Prostate Cancer (PCa). The benefits and harms of PSA-screening are controversially discussed. To overcome this weakness of PSA novel PCa biomarkers and detection tools are required.The urine-based biomarker Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 (PCA3) has been shown to be highly PCa-specific. Application of PCA3 was tested in the diagnostic setting and staging. Several studies pointed out the additional value of PCA3 for further stratification of men selected for biopsy (BX) based on an elevated PSA and/or an abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE). Its combined use with established clinical risk factors for positive prostate BX, particularly within nomograms or risk calculators, may represent a valid and helpful aid for clinicians in patient counselling and BX indication confirmation.When it comes to prediction of favourable or unfavourable histopathological features, respectively, such as tumour volume or PCa significance, PCA3's value remains controversial. Based on relatively small patient numbers, PCA3 has been identified to independently predict small-volume and insignificant PCa. However, in other studies PCA3 was not associated with advanced disease and its ability of predicting PCa aggressiveness in men undergoing radical prostatectomy is limited.PCA3's value may be best given for BX outcome prediction. Finally, the implementation of the PCA3 promoter in developing new highly PCa-specific gene therapies represents a promising perspective in the near future.

KW - Antigens, Neoplasm

KW - Biomarkers, Tumor

KW - Biopsy

KW - Early Detection of Cancer

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Neoplastic Cells, Circulating

KW - Prostate

KW - Prostatic Neoplasms

KW - Journal Article

KW - Review

U2 - 10.1007/978-94-017-7215-0_17

DO - 10.1007/978-94-017-7215-0_17

M3 - SCORING: Review article

C2 - 26530372

VL - 867

SP - 277

EP - 289

JO - ADV EXP MED BIOL

JF - ADV EXP MED BIOL

SN - 0065-2598

ER -