The short-chain fatty acid receptors Gpr41/43 regulate bone mass by promoting adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

TY - JOUR

T1 - The short-chain fatty acid receptors Gpr41/43 regulate bone mass by promoting adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

AU - Behler-Janbeck, Friederike

AU - Baranowsky, Anke

AU - Schinke, Thorsten

AU - Jaeckstein, Michelle Y

AU - Worthmann, Anna

AU - Fuh, Marceline M

AU - Gunasekaran, Karthikeyan

AU - Tiegs, Gisa

AU - Amling, Michael

AU - Schinke, Thorsten

AU - Heeren, Joerg

N1 - Copyright © 2024 Behler-Janbeck, Baranowsky, Yorgan, Jaeckstein, Worthmann, Fuh, Gunasekaran, Tiegs, Amling, Schinke and Heeren.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly remodeled throughout adult life. Recently, it has been shown that bone turnover decreases shortly after food consumption. This process has been linked to the fermentation of non-digestible food ingredients such as inulin by gut microbes, which results in the production of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate. SCFAs exert various metabolic functions, which in part can be explained by activation of G protein-coupled receptors (Gpr) 41 and 43. However, the potential relevance of a SCFA-Gpr41/43 signaling axis for bone metabolism has not been established. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of Gpr41/43 in bone metabolism and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. For this purpose, we analyzed the skeletal phenotype of wild type controls (WT) and Gpr41/43 double knockout (Gpr41/43 dKO) mice fed either a chow or an inulin-enriched diet. In addition, we isolated bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells from WT and Gpr41/43 dKO mice and differentiated them into osteoblasts in the absence or presence of acetate. MicroCT scanning of femoral bones of Gpr41/43 dKO mice revealed a significant increase of trabecular bone volume and trabecular compared to WT controls. Treatment of WT bone marrow-derived osteoblasts with acetate resulted in decreased mineralization and substantial downregulation of bone formation markers such as Phex, Ptgs2 and Col1a1. Notably, this effect was strongly attenuated in differentiated osteoblasts lacking Gpr41/43. Inversely, acetate supplementation resulted in higher levels of adipocyte marker genes including Pparg, Lpl and Adipoq in bone marrow-derived cells from WT mice, an effect blunted in differentiated cells isolated from Gpr41/43 dKO mice. Overall, these data indicate that acetate regulates bone architecture via SCFA-Gpr41/43 signaling by modulating the osteogenic versus adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

AB - Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly remodeled throughout adult life. Recently, it has been shown that bone turnover decreases shortly after food consumption. This process has been linked to the fermentation of non-digestible food ingredients such as inulin by gut microbes, which results in the production of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate. SCFAs exert various metabolic functions, which in part can be explained by activation of G protein-coupled receptors (Gpr) 41 and 43. However, the potential relevance of a SCFA-Gpr41/43 signaling axis for bone metabolism has not been established. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of Gpr41/43 in bone metabolism and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. For this purpose, we analyzed the skeletal phenotype of wild type controls (WT) and Gpr41/43 double knockout (Gpr41/43 dKO) mice fed either a chow or an inulin-enriched diet. In addition, we isolated bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells from WT and Gpr41/43 dKO mice and differentiated them into osteoblasts in the absence or presence of acetate. MicroCT scanning of femoral bones of Gpr41/43 dKO mice revealed a significant increase of trabecular bone volume and trabecular compared to WT controls. Treatment of WT bone marrow-derived osteoblasts with acetate resulted in decreased mineralization and substantial downregulation of bone formation markers such as Phex, Ptgs2 and Col1a1. Notably, this effect was strongly attenuated in differentiated osteoblasts lacking Gpr41/43. Inversely, acetate supplementation resulted in higher levels of adipocyte marker genes including Pparg, Lpl and Adipoq in bone marrow-derived cells from WT mice, an effect blunted in differentiated cells isolated from Gpr41/43 dKO mice. Overall, these data indicate that acetate regulates bone architecture via SCFA-Gpr41/43 signaling by modulating the osteogenic versus adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

KW - Animals

KW - Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism

KW - Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism

KW - Mice

KW - Mice, Knockout

KW - Adipogenesis/physiology

KW - Cell Differentiation

KW - Osteogenesis/physiology

KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism

KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL

KW - Bone Density

KW - Male

KW - Osteoblasts/metabolism

KW - Cells, Cultured

U2 - 10.3389/fendo.2024.1392418

DO - 10.3389/fendo.2024.1392418

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 39363899

VL - 15

SP - 1392418

JO - FRONT ENDOCRINOL

JF - FRONT ENDOCRINOL

SN - 1664-2392

ER -