The impact of esophagus retraction on early dysphagia after anterior cervical surgery: does a correlation exist?

TY - JOUR

T1 - The impact of esophagus retraction on early dysphagia after anterior cervical surgery: does a correlation exist?

AU - Papavero, Luca

AU - Heese, Oliver

AU - Klotz-Regener, Volker

AU - Buchalla, Rüdiger

AU - Schröder, Frank

AU - Westphal, Manfred

PY - 2007

Y1 - 2007

N2 - STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of 92 patients who underwent anterior cervical surgery. Intraoperative esophagus retraction and postoperative dysphagia were recorded and evaluated. OBJECTIVE: Early dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is an underestimated side effect. The aim of this study was to investigate whether postoperative swallowing disturbances correlate with the amount of intraoperative retraction of the pharynx/esophagus wall measured during the procedure. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The anterior approach to the cervical spine is a routinely used and, in general, safe procedure. A recent prospective study focused on the underreported side effect of postoperative dysphagia, with an incidence of up to 50% at 1 month and 12.5% at 12 months. The etiology of postoperative dysphagia is not known in detail. METHODS: An online pressure transducer between the retractor and pharynx/esophagus recorded the epi-esophageal pressure in 92 patients. In 31 patients, a transducer was additionally inserted into the pharynx/esophagus in order to measure the endo-esophageal pressure. The patients rated swallowing difficulty during the first postoperative 5 days using a 10-point score. A control group of 32 lumbar surgery patients was also evaluated for swallowing disturbances. RESULTS: Mean epi-esophageal pressure after retractor opening was 76.3 mm Hg, and mean endo-esophageal pressure was 16.3 mm Hg. An adjustment to 75% and 76%, respectively, of the initial value occurred within the first hour. Of patients, 49.3% complained of swallowing disturbances. There was a significant prevalence of the female gender. No correlation between the amount of retraction and postoperative dysphagia was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between intraoperative pharynx/esophagus retraction and postoperative swallowing disturbances could not be confirmed. The cause of the prevalence of the female gender is unknown. However, the absence of impaired deglutition in the control group suggests that a local phenomenon must be causative of swallowing disturbances following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

AB - STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of 92 patients who underwent anterior cervical surgery. Intraoperative esophagus retraction and postoperative dysphagia were recorded and evaluated. OBJECTIVE: Early dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is an underestimated side effect. The aim of this study was to investigate whether postoperative swallowing disturbances correlate with the amount of intraoperative retraction of the pharynx/esophagus wall measured during the procedure. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The anterior approach to the cervical spine is a routinely used and, in general, safe procedure. A recent prospective study focused on the underreported side effect of postoperative dysphagia, with an incidence of up to 50% at 1 month and 12.5% at 12 months. The etiology of postoperative dysphagia is not known in detail. METHODS: An online pressure transducer between the retractor and pharynx/esophagus recorded the epi-esophageal pressure in 92 patients. In 31 patients, a transducer was additionally inserted into the pharynx/esophagus in order to measure the endo-esophageal pressure. The patients rated swallowing difficulty during the first postoperative 5 days using a 10-point score. A control group of 32 lumbar surgery patients was also evaluated for swallowing disturbances. RESULTS: Mean epi-esophageal pressure after retractor opening was 76.3 mm Hg, and mean endo-esophageal pressure was 16.3 mm Hg. An adjustment to 75% and 76%, respectively, of the initial value occurred within the first hour. Of patients, 49.3% complained of swallowing disturbances. There was a significant prevalence of the female gender. No correlation between the amount of retraction and postoperative dysphagia was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between intraoperative pharynx/esophagus retraction and postoperative swallowing disturbances could not be confirmed. The cause of the prevalence of the female gender is unknown. However, the absence of impaired deglutition in the control group suggests that a local phenomenon must be causative of swallowing disturbances following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

M3 - SCORING: Zeitschriftenaufsatz

VL - 32

SP - 1089

EP - 1093

JO - SPINE

JF - SPINE

SN - 0362-2436

IS - 10

M1 - 10

ER -