The Employment of the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Microscopy Sensor for the Detection of Individual Extracellular Vesicles and Non-Biological Nanoparticles

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Employment of the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Microscopy Sensor for the Detection of Individual Extracellular Vesicles and Non-Biological Nanoparticles

AU - Sharar, Nour

AU - Wüstefeld, Konstantin

AU - Talukder, Rahat Morad

AU - Skolnik, Julija

AU - Kaufmann, Katharina

AU - Giebel, Bernd

AU - Börger, Verena

AU - Nolte, Friedrich

AU - Watzl, Carsten

AU - Weichert, Frank

AU - Hergenröder, Roland

AU - Shpacovitch, Victoria

PY - 2023/4/12

Y1 - 2023/4/12

N2 - A wide-field surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microscopy sensor employs the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon to detect individual biological and non-biological nanoparticles. This sensor enables the detection, sizing, and quantification of biological nanoparticles (bioNPs), such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), viruses, and virus-like particles. The selectivity of bioNP detection does not require biological particle labeling, and it is achieved via the functionalization of the gold sensor surface by target-bioNP-specific antibodies. In the current work, we demonstrate the ability of SPR microscopy sensors to detect, simultaneously, silica NPs that differ by four times in size. Employed silica particles are close in their refractive index to bioNPs. The literature reports the ability of SPR microscopy sensors to detect the binding of lymphocytes (around 10 μm objects) to the sensor surface. Taken together, our findings and the results reported in the literature indicate the power of SPR microscopy sensors to detect bioNPs that differ by at least two orders in size. Modifications of the optical sensor scheme, such as mounting a concave lens, help to achieve homogeneous illumination of a gold sensor chip surface. In the current work, we also characterize the improved magnification factor of the modified SPR instrument. We evaluate the effectiveness of the modified and the primary version of the SPR microscopy sensors in detecting EVs isolated via different approaches. In addition, we demonstrate the possibility of employing translation and rotation stepper motors for precise adjustments of the positions of sensor optical elements-prism and objective-in the primary version of the SPR microscopy sensor instrument, and we present an algorithm to establish effective sensor-actuator coupling.

AB - A wide-field surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microscopy sensor employs the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon to detect individual biological and non-biological nanoparticles. This sensor enables the detection, sizing, and quantification of biological nanoparticles (bioNPs), such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), viruses, and virus-like particles. The selectivity of bioNP detection does not require biological particle labeling, and it is achieved via the functionalization of the gold sensor surface by target-bioNP-specific antibodies. In the current work, we demonstrate the ability of SPR microscopy sensors to detect, simultaneously, silica NPs that differ by four times in size. Employed silica particles are close in their refractive index to bioNPs. The literature reports the ability of SPR microscopy sensors to detect the binding of lymphocytes (around 10 μm objects) to the sensor surface. Taken together, our findings and the results reported in the literature indicate the power of SPR microscopy sensors to detect bioNPs that differ by at least two orders in size. Modifications of the optical sensor scheme, such as mounting a concave lens, help to achieve homogeneous illumination of a gold sensor chip surface. In the current work, we also characterize the improved magnification factor of the modified SPR instrument. We evaluate the effectiveness of the modified and the primary version of the SPR microscopy sensors in detecting EVs isolated via different approaches. In addition, we demonstrate the possibility of employing translation and rotation stepper motors for precise adjustments of the positions of sensor optical elements-prism and objective-in the primary version of the SPR microscopy sensor instrument, and we present an algorithm to establish effective sensor-actuator coupling.

KW - Surface Plasmon Resonance/methods

KW - Microscopy

KW - Nanoparticles/chemistry

KW - Extracellular Vesicles

KW - Silicon Dioxide

KW - Gold

KW - Employment

U2 - 10.3390/bios13040472

DO - 10.3390/bios13040472

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 37185547

VL - 13

JO - BIOSENSORS-BASEL

JF - BIOSENSORS-BASEL

SN - 2079-6374

IS - 4

M1 - 472

ER -