The combination of carmustine wafers and temozolomide for the treatment of malignant gliomas. A comprehensive review of the rationale and clinical experience

TY - JOUR

T1 - The combination of carmustine wafers and temozolomide for the treatment of malignant gliomas. A comprehensive review of the rationale and clinical experience

AU - Gutenberg, A

AU - Lumenta, C B

AU - Braunsdorf, W E K

AU - Sabel, M

AU - Mehdorn, H M

AU - Westphal, M

AU - Giese, A

PY - 2013/6/1

Y1 - 2013/6/1

N2 - Current treatment strategies in patients with newly-diagnosed glioblastoma include surgical resection with post-operative radiotherapy and concomitant/adjuvant temozolomide (the "Stupp protocol") or resection with implantation of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) wafers in the surgical cavity followed by radiotherapy. In clinical practice, patients with malignant glioma treated with BCNU wafer often also receive adjuvant temozolomide. However, current treatment guidelines are unclear on whether and how these treatment practices can be combined, and no prospective phase 3 study has assessed the safety and efficacy of combining BCNU wafers with temozolomide and radiation in high-grade malignant glioma. The rationale for multimodal therapy comprising surgical resection with adjunct local BCNU wafers followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide is based on complementary and synergistic mechanisms of action between BCNU and temozolomide in preclinical studies; a shared primary resistance pathway, methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT); and the opportunity to overcome resistance through MGMT depletion to boost cytotoxic activity. A comprehensive review of the literature identified 19 retrospective and prospective studies investigating the use of this multimodal strategy. Median overall survival in 14 studies of newly-diagnosed patients suggested a modest improvement versus resection followed by Stupp protocol or resection with BCNU wafers, with an acceptable and manageable safety profile.

AB - Current treatment strategies in patients with newly-diagnosed glioblastoma include surgical resection with post-operative radiotherapy and concomitant/adjuvant temozolomide (the "Stupp protocol") or resection with implantation of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) wafers in the surgical cavity followed by radiotherapy. In clinical practice, patients with malignant glioma treated with BCNU wafer often also receive adjuvant temozolomide. However, current treatment guidelines are unclear on whether and how these treatment practices can be combined, and no prospective phase 3 study has assessed the safety and efficacy of combining BCNU wafers with temozolomide and radiation in high-grade malignant glioma. The rationale for multimodal therapy comprising surgical resection with adjunct local BCNU wafers followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide is based on complementary and synergistic mechanisms of action between BCNU and temozolomide in preclinical studies; a shared primary resistance pathway, methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT); and the opportunity to overcome resistance through MGMT depletion to boost cytotoxic activity. A comprehensive review of the literature identified 19 retrospective and prospective studies investigating the use of this multimodal strategy. Median overall survival in 14 studies of newly-diagnosed patients suggested a modest improvement versus resection followed by Stupp protocol or resection with BCNU wafers, with an acceptable and manageable safety profile.

KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols

KW - Brain Neoplasms

KW - Carmustine

KW - Clinical Trials as Topic

KW - Dacarbazine

KW - Glioma

KW - Humans

KW - Prognosis

U2 - 10.1007/s11060-013-1110-x

DO - 10.1007/s11060-013-1110-x

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 23535992

VL - 113

SP - 163

EP - 174

JO - J NEURO-ONCOL

JF - J NEURO-ONCOL

SN - 0167-594X

IS - 2

ER -