Surveillance and control of communicable diseases related to passenger ships in Europe.
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Surveillance and control of communicable diseases related to passenger ships in Europe. / Hadjichristodoulou, Christos; Mouchtouri, Varvara A; Martinez, Carmen Varela; Nichols, Gordon; Riemer, Tobias; Rabinina, Jelena; Swan, Corien; Pirnat, Nina; Sokolova, Ona; Kostara, Elina; Rachiotis, George; Meilicke, Rainer; Schlaich, Clara; Bartlett, Christopher Lr; Kremastinou, Jenny; Partnership, The Shipsan.
In: INT MARIT HEALTH, Vol. 62, No. 2, 2, 2011, p. 138-147.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Surveillance and control of communicable diseases related to passenger ships in Europe.
AU - Hadjichristodoulou, Christos
AU - Mouchtouri, Varvara A
AU - Martinez, Carmen Varela
AU - Nichols, Gordon
AU - Riemer, Tobias
AU - Rabinina, Jelena
AU - Swan, Corien
AU - Pirnat, Nina
AU - Sokolova, Ona
AU - Kostara, Elina
AU - Rachiotis, George
AU - Meilicke, Rainer
AU - Schlaich, Clara
AU - Bartlett, Christopher Lr
AU - Kremastinou, Jenny
AU - Partnership, The Shipsan
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - This study was conducted within the European SHIPSAN (ship sanitation) project and aims at exploring the legislative framework and current practices related to surveillance of communicable diseases and response aboard passenger ships in Europe. A detailed questionnaire was disseminated and completed by 59 competent authorities in 27 European countries. The majority of competent authorities used national legislation without special provisions for passenger ships. Only 20% had specific provisions for ships regarding quarantine, while a smaller proportion of new Member States (MS) have specific legislation in comparison with old MS (p = 0.01). The Maritime Declaration of Health (MDH) was the main reporting tool used. About 30.5% of the competent authorities declared that they require submission of MDH by all arriving ships, but 28.8% only from affected areas, and 11.9% never require MDH. A total of 45 outbreaks or incidents (36 gastrointestinal, 1 incident of legionellosis, 3 respiratory, and 1 influenza-like illness outbreak, occupational tuberculosis, varicella, scabies, and meningitis) were reported to EU competent authorities during 2006. About 75% of the responders stated that there are gaps in the surveillance and control of communicable diseases. A diversity of approaches in EU countries, and gaps regarding surveillance and response and training needs of personnel were identified.
AB - This study was conducted within the European SHIPSAN (ship sanitation) project and aims at exploring the legislative framework and current practices related to surveillance of communicable diseases and response aboard passenger ships in Europe. A detailed questionnaire was disseminated and completed by 59 competent authorities in 27 European countries. The majority of competent authorities used national legislation without special provisions for passenger ships. Only 20% had specific provisions for ships regarding quarantine, while a smaller proportion of new Member States (MS) have specific legislation in comparison with old MS (p = 0.01). The Maritime Declaration of Health (MDH) was the main reporting tool used. About 30.5% of the competent authorities declared that they require submission of MDH by all arriving ships, but 28.8% only from affected areas, and 11.9% never require MDH. A total of 45 outbreaks or incidents (36 gastrointestinal, 1 incident of legionellosis, 3 respiratory, and 1 influenza-like illness outbreak, occupational tuberculosis, varicella, scabies, and meningitis) were reported to EU competent authorities during 2006. About 75% of the responders stated that there are gaps in the surveillance and control of communicable diseases. A diversity of approaches in EU countries, and gaps regarding surveillance and response and training needs of personnel were identified.
KW - Humans
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Europe
KW - International Cooperation
KW - Leisure Activities
KW - Ships
KW - Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration
KW - Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases/prevention & control
KW - Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control
KW - Risk Management
KW - Sanitation/methods
KW - Travel/statistics & numerical data
KW - Humans
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Europe
KW - International Cooperation
KW - Leisure Activities
KW - Ships
KW - Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration
KW - Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases/prevention & control
KW - Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control
KW - Risk Management
KW - Sanitation/methods
KW - Travel/statistics & numerical data
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
VL - 62
SP - 138
EP - 147
JO - INT MARIT HEALTH
JF - INT MARIT HEALTH
SN - 1641-9251
IS - 2
M1 - 2
ER -
