Sex, immunity and influenza

Gülsah Gabriel; Petra Clara Arck

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu020

Sex, immunity and influenza

Standard

Sex, immunity and influenza. / Gabriel, Gülsah; Arck, Petra Clara.

In: J INFECT DIS, Vol. 209, 15.07.2014, p. 93-9.

Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review

Harvard

Gabriel, G & Arck, PC 2014, 'Sex, immunity and influenza', J INFECT DIS, vol. 209, pp. 93-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu020

APA

Gabriel, G., & Arck, P. C. (2014). Sex, immunity and influenza. J INFECT DIS, 209, 93-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu020

Vancouver

Gabriel G, Arck PC. Sex, immunity and influenza. J INFECT DIS. 2014 Jul 15;209:93-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu020

Bibtex

@article{fd008337a4a1492b8eae316fa480deb0,

title = "Sex, immunity and influenza",

abstract = "Sex-specific endocrine and immune responses are widely recognized to account for differential disease outcomes between females and males. Surprisingly, sex-specific risk assessments for influenza, a viral pathogen that affects human populations worldwide through seasonal epidemics and irregular occurring pandemics, are sparse and-if available-ambiguous. To date, this precludes proposing an unequivocal sex-dependent susceptibility to influenza. However, one undisputable observation recurrently confirmed during influenza seasons of the last decades is the significantly increased risk for pregnant women. This increased risk is likely attributable to the contradictory demands for the maternal immune system to adapt to pregnancy and to simultaneously mount an immune response to clear the influenza virus infection. Here, we review published evidence on the potential association between sex on influenza risk and propose that future epidemiologic studies should carefully dissect surveillance data for sex-specific effects. Moreover, we propose potential mechanisms involved in enhanced risk for severe influenza during pregnancy that could be studied to identify causal pathways.",

keywords = "Disease Susceptibility, Female, Humans, Influenza, Human, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Sex Factors",

author = "G{\"u}lsah Gabriel and Arck, {Petra Clara}",

note = "{\textcopyright} The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.",

year = "2014",

month = jul,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1093/infdis/jiu020",

language = "English",

volume = "209",

pages = "93--9",

journal = "J INFECT DIS",

issn = "0022-1899",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Sex, immunity and influenza

AU - Gabriel, Gülsah

AU - Arck, Petra Clara

PY - 2014/7/15

Y1 - 2014/7/15

N2 - Sex-specific endocrine and immune responses are widely recognized to account for differential disease outcomes between females and males. Surprisingly, sex-specific risk assessments for influenza, a viral pathogen that affects human populations worldwide through seasonal epidemics and irregular occurring pandemics, are sparse and-if available-ambiguous. To date, this precludes proposing an unequivocal sex-dependent susceptibility to influenza. However, one undisputable observation recurrently confirmed during influenza seasons of the last decades is the significantly increased risk for pregnant women. This increased risk is likely attributable to the contradictory demands for the maternal immune system to adapt to pregnancy and to simultaneously mount an immune response to clear the influenza virus infection. Here, we review published evidence on the potential association between sex on influenza risk and propose that future epidemiologic studies should carefully dissect surveillance data for sex-specific effects. Moreover, we propose potential mechanisms involved in enhanced risk for severe influenza during pregnancy that could be studied to identify causal pathways.

AB - Sex-specific endocrine and immune responses are widely recognized to account for differential disease outcomes between females and males. Surprisingly, sex-specific risk assessments for influenza, a viral pathogen that affects human populations worldwide through seasonal epidemics and irregular occurring pandemics, are sparse and-if available-ambiguous. To date, this precludes proposing an unequivocal sex-dependent susceptibility to influenza. However, one undisputable observation recurrently confirmed during influenza seasons of the last decades is the significantly increased risk for pregnant women. This increased risk is likely attributable to the contradictory demands for the maternal immune system to adapt to pregnancy and to simultaneously mount an immune response to clear the influenza virus infection. Here, we review published evidence on the potential association between sex on influenza risk and propose that future epidemiologic studies should carefully dissect surveillance data for sex-specific effects. Moreover, we propose potential mechanisms involved in enhanced risk for severe influenza during pregnancy that could be studied to identify causal pathways.

KW - Disease Susceptibility

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Influenza, Human

KW - Male

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

KW - Sex Factors

U2 - 10.1093/infdis/jiu020

DO - 10.1093/infdis/jiu020

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 24966196

VL - 209

SP - 93

EP - 99

JO - J INFECT DIS

JF - J INFECT DIS

SN - 0022-1899

ER -