Sample size considerations in soft tissue biomechanics
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Sample size considerations in soft tissue biomechanics. / Hammer, Niels; Ondruschka, Benjamin; Berghold, Andrea; Kuenzer, Thomas; Pregartner, Gudrun; Scholze, Mario; Schulze-Tanzil, Gundula Gesine; Zwirner, Johann.
In: ACTA BIOMATER, Vol. 169, 01.10.2023, p. 168-178.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Sample size considerations in soft tissue biomechanics
AU - Hammer, Niels
AU - Ondruschka, Benjamin
AU - Berghold, Andrea
AU - Kuenzer, Thomas
AU - Pregartner, Gudrun
AU - Scholze, Mario
AU - Schulze-Tanzil, Gundula Gesine
AU - Zwirner, Johann
N1 - Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/10/1
Y1 - 2023/10/1
N2 - Biomechanical experiments help link tissue morphology with load-deformation characteristics. A tissue-dependent minimum sample number is indispensable to obtain accurate material properties. Stress-strain properties were retrieved from human dura mater and scalp skin, exemplifying two distinct soft tissues. Minimum sample sizes necessary for a stable estimation of material properties were obtained in a simulation study. One-thousand random samples were sequentially drawn for calculating the point at which a majority of the estimators settled within a corridor of stability at given tolerance levels around a 'complete' reference for the mean, median and coefficient of variation. Stable estimations of means and medians can be achieved below sample sizes of 30 at a ± 20%-tolerance within 80%-conformity for scalp skin and dura. Lower tolerance levels or higher conformity dramatically increase the required sample size. Conformity was barely ever reached for the coefficient of variation. The parameter type appears decisive for achieving conformity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomechanical trials utilizing human tissues are needed to obtain material properties for surgical repair, tissue engineering and modeling purposes. Linking tissue mechanics with morphology helps elucidate form-function relationships, the 'morpho-mechanical link'. For material properties to be accurate, it is vital to examine a minimum number of samples. This number may vary between tissues, and the effects of intrinsic tissue characteristics on data accuracy are unclear to date. This study used data obtained from human dura and skin to compute minimum sample sizes required for estimating material properties at a stable level. It was shown that stable estimations are possible at a ± 20%-tolerance within 80%-conformity below sample sizes of 30. Higher accuracy warrants much higher sample sizes for most material properties.
AB - Biomechanical experiments help link tissue morphology with load-deformation characteristics. A tissue-dependent minimum sample number is indispensable to obtain accurate material properties. Stress-strain properties were retrieved from human dura mater and scalp skin, exemplifying two distinct soft tissues. Minimum sample sizes necessary for a stable estimation of material properties were obtained in a simulation study. One-thousand random samples were sequentially drawn for calculating the point at which a majority of the estimators settled within a corridor of stability at given tolerance levels around a 'complete' reference for the mean, median and coefficient of variation. Stable estimations of means and medians can be achieved below sample sizes of 30 at a ± 20%-tolerance within 80%-conformity for scalp skin and dura. Lower tolerance levels or higher conformity dramatically increase the required sample size. Conformity was barely ever reached for the coefficient of variation. The parameter type appears decisive for achieving conformity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomechanical trials utilizing human tissues are needed to obtain material properties for surgical repair, tissue engineering and modeling purposes. Linking tissue mechanics with morphology helps elucidate form-function relationships, the 'morpho-mechanical link'. For material properties to be accurate, it is vital to examine a minimum number of samples. This number may vary between tissues, and the effects of intrinsic tissue characteristics on data accuracy are unclear to date. This study used data obtained from human dura and skin to compute minimum sample sizes required for estimating material properties at a stable level. It was shown that stable estimations are possible at a ± 20%-tolerance within 80%-conformity below sample sizes of 30. Higher accuracy warrants much higher sample sizes for most material properties.
U2 - 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.036
DO - 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.036
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 37517620
VL - 169
SP - 168
EP - 178
JO - ACTA BIOMATER
JF - ACTA BIOMATER
SN - 1742-7061
ER -