Safety and efficacy profiles of different commercial sodium hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid solutions (NaClO/HClO)
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Safety and efficacy profiles of different commercial sodium hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid solutions (NaClO/HClO) : antimicrobial efficacy, cytotoxic impact and physicochemical parameters in vitro. / Severing, Anna-Lena; Rembe, Julian-Dario; Koester, Verena; Stuermer, Ewa K.
In: J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, Vol. 74, No. 2, 01.02.2019, p. 365-372.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Safety and efficacy profiles of different commercial sodium hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid solutions (NaClO/HClO)
T2 - antimicrobial efficacy, cytotoxic impact and physicochemical parameters in vitro
AU - Severing, Anna-Lena
AU - Rembe, Julian-Dario
AU - Koester, Verena
AU - Stuermer, Ewa K
PY - 2019/2/1
Y1 - 2019/2/1
N2 - Background: Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, SHC)/hypochlorous acid (HClO, HCA) wound irrigation solutions have experienced a renaissance in the prevention and treatment of low-level wound infections. They are attributed with lower cytotoxicity and have therefore gained increasing attention in daily clinical practice.Objectives: To determine the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial efficacy of six NaClO/HClO wound irrigation solutions.Methods: For cytotoxicity evaluation (based on DIN EN 10993-5), human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human skin fibroblasts (BJ) were used. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used for antimicrobial efficacy evaluation (based on DIN EN 13727). Solutions were evaluated after 1, 5 and 15 min of exposure. Additionally, physicochemical properties (pH and oxidation-reduction potential values) were investigated.Results: Efficacy and cytotoxicity varied significantly between solutions. Generally, increasing antimicrobial activity was associated with decreasing cell viability. Furthermore, a concentration- and time-dependent impact on pathogens and cells was observed: cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity increased with rising NaClO/HClO solution concentrations and extended exposure times. Based on these in vitro evaluations, the following ranking (lowest to highest microbicidal effect and cytotoxic impact) was found: Microdacyn60® (SHC/HCA-M) < Granudacyn® (SHC/HCA-G) < Veriforte™ (SHC/HCA-V) < KerraSol™ (SHC-K) < Lavanox® (SHC-L) ≪ ActiMaris®forte (SHC/SM-A).Conclusions: The presented results indicate that microbicidal effects are almost always associated with certain negative side effects on cell proliferation. Efficacy and biocompatibility of NaClO/HClO solutions depend on their specific formulation and physicochemical properties. The investigations also underline the necessity for exact product- and application-specific efficacy profiles.
AB - Background: Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, SHC)/hypochlorous acid (HClO, HCA) wound irrigation solutions have experienced a renaissance in the prevention and treatment of low-level wound infections. They are attributed with lower cytotoxicity and have therefore gained increasing attention in daily clinical practice.Objectives: To determine the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial efficacy of six NaClO/HClO wound irrigation solutions.Methods: For cytotoxicity evaluation (based on DIN EN 10993-5), human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human skin fibroblasts (BJ) were used. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used for antimicrobial efficacy evaluation (based on DIN EN 13727). Solutions were evaluated after 1, 5 and 15 min of exposure. Additionally, physicochemical properties (pH and oxidation-reduction potential values) were investigated.Results: Efficacy and cytotoxicity varied significantly between solutions. Generally, increasing antimicrobial activity was associated with decreasing cell viability. Furthermore, a concentration- and time-dependent impact on pathogens and cells was observed: cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity increased with rising NaClO/HClO solution concentrations and extended exposure times. Based on these in vitro evaluations, the following ranking (lowest to highest microbicidal effect and cytotoxic impact) was found: Microdacyn60® (SHC/HCA-M) < Granudacyn® (SHC/HCA-G) < Veriforte™ (SHC/HCA-V) < KerraSol™ (SHC-K) < Lavanox® (SHC-L) ≪ ActiMaris®forte (SHC/SM-A).Conclusions: The presented results indicate that microbicidal effects are almost always associated with certain negative side effects on cell proliferation. Efficacy and biocompatibility of NaClO/HClO solutions depend on their specific formulation and physicochemical properties. The investigations also underline the necessity for exact product- and application-specific efficacy profiles.
KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
KW - Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology
KW - Bacteria/drug effects
KW - Cell Line
KW - Cell Survival/drug effects
KW - Disinfectants/pharmacology
KW - Fibroblasts/drug effects
KW - Humans
KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
KW - Hypochlorous Acid/pharmacology
KW - Keratinocytes/drug effects
KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects
KW - Sodium Hypochlorite/pharmacology
KW - Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
KW - Therapeutic Irrigation
KW - Wound Infection/drug therapy
U2 - 10.1093/jac/dky432
DO - 10.1093/jac/dky432
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 30388236
VL - 74
SP - 365
EP - 372
JO - J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH
JF - J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH
SN - 0305-7453
IS - 2
ER -
