Profiles of risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent class analysis
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Profiles of risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent class analysis. / Kenntemich, Laura; von Hülsen, Leonie; Schäfer, Ingo; Böttche, Maria; Lotzin, Annett.
In: PSYCHIAT RES, Vol. 323, 05.2023, p. 115150.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Profiles of risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent class analysis
AU - Kenntemich, Laura
AU - von Hülsen, Leonie
AU - Schäfer, Ingo
AU - Böttche, Maria
AU - Lotzin, Annett
N1 - Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/5
Y1 - 2023/5
N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a high burden in the general population. The exposure to an accumulation of risk factors, as opposed to a single risk, may have been associated with higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic. This study aimed to (1) identify subgroups of individuals with distinct constellations of risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) investigate differences in levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. German participants (N = 2245) were recruited between June-September 2020 through an online survey (ADJUST study). Latent class analysis (LCA) and multiple group analyses (Wald-tests) were conducted to identify profiles of risk factors and examine differences in symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-2). The LCA included 14 robust risk factors of different domains, for example, sociodemographic (e.g., age), health-related (e.g., trauma), and pandemic-related (e.g., reduced income) factors. The LCA identified three risk profiles: High sociodemographic risk (11.7%), high social and moderate health-related risk (18.0%), and low general risk (70.3%). Individuals with high sociodemographic risk reported significantly higher symptom levels of depression and anxiety than the remaining groups. A better understanding of risk factor profiles could help to develop targeted prevention and intervention programs during pandemics.
AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a high burden in the general population. The exposure to an accumulation of risk factors, as opposed to a single risk, may have been associated with higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic. This study aimed to (1) identify subgroups of individuals with distinct constellations of risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) investigate differences in levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. German participants (N = 2245) were recruited between June-September 2020 through an online survey (ADJUST study). Latent class analysis (LCA) and multiple group analyses (Wald-tests) were conducted to identify profiles of risk factors and examine differences in symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-2). The LCA included 14 robust risk factors of different domains, for example, sociodemographic (e.g., age), health-related (e.g., trauma), and pandemic-related (e.g., reduced income) factors. The LCA identified three risk profiles: High sociodemographic risk (11.7%), high social and moderate health-related risk (18.0%), and low general risk (70.3%). Individuals with high sociodemographic risk reported significantly higher symptom levels of depression and anxiety than the remaining groups. A better understanding of risk factor profiles could help to develop targeted prevention and intervention programs during pandemics.
KW - Humans
KW - COVID-19/epidemiology
KW - Pandemics
KW - Latent Class Analysis
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - Depression/epidemiology
KW - Mental Health
KW - Anxiety/epidemiology
KW - Risk Factors
U2 - 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115150
DO - 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115150
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 36913873
VL - 323
SP - 115150
JO - PSYCHIAT RES
JF - PSYCHIAT RES
SN - 0165-1781
ER -
