Predicting the Impact of Alcohol Taxation Increases on Mortality-A Comparison of Different Estimation Techniques

TY - JOUR

T1 - Predicting the Impact of Alcohol Taxation Increases on Mortality-A Comparison of Different Estimation Techniques

AU - Tran, Alexander

AU - Jiang, Huan

AU - Kim, Kawon Victoria

AU - Room, Robin

AU - Štelemėkas, Mindaugas

AU - Lange, Shannon

AU - Rovira, Pol

AU - Rehm, Jürgen

N1 - © The Author(s) 2022. Medical Council on Alcohol and Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

PY - 2022/7/9

Y1 - 2022/7/9

N2 - AIMS: To examine how standard analytical approaches to model mortality outcomes of alcohol use compare to the true results using the impact of the March 2017 alcohol taxation increase in Lithuania on all-cause mortality as an example.METHODS: Four methodologies were used: two direct methodologies: (a) interrupted time-series on mortality and (b) comparing predictions based on time-series modeling with the real number of deaths for the year following the implementation of the tax increase; and two indirect methodologies: (c) combining a regression-based estimate for the impact of taxation on alcohol consumption with attributable-fraction methodology and (d) using price elasticities from meta-analyses to estimate the impact on alcohol consumption before applying attributable-fraction methodology.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: While all methodologies estimated reductions in all-cause mortality, especially for men, there was substantial variability in the level of mortality reductions predicted. The indirect methodologies had lower predictions as the meta-analyses on elasticities and risk relations seem to underestimate the true values for Lithuania. Directly estimated effects of taxation based on the actual mortalities seem to best represent the true reductions in alcohol-attributable mortality. A significant increase in alcohol excise taxation had a marked impact on all-cause mortality in Lithuania.

AB - AIMS: To examine how standard analytical approaches to model mortality outcomes of alcohol use compare to the true results using the impact of the March 2017 alcohol taxation increase in Lithuania on all-cause mortality as an example.METHODS: Four methodologies were used: two direct methodologies: (a) interrupted time-series on mortality and (b) comparing predictions based on time-series modeling with the real number of deaths for the year following the implementation of the tax increase; and two indirect methodologies: (c) combining a regression-based estimate for the impact of taxation on alcohol consumption with attributable-fraction methodology and (d) using price elasticities from meta-analyses to estimate the impact on alcohol consumption before applying attributable-fraction methodology.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: While all methodologies estimated reductions in all-cause mortality, especially for men, there was substantial variability in the level of mortality reductions predicted. The indirect methodologies had lower predictions as the meta-analyses on elasticities and risk relations seem to underestimate the true values for Lithuania. Directly estimated effects of taxation based on the actual mortalities seem to best represent the true reductions in alcohol-attributable mortality. A significant increase in alcohol excise taxation had a marked impact on all-cause mortality in Lithuania.

KW - Alcohol Drinking

KW - Alcoholic Beverages

KW - Commerce

KW - Ethanol

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Taxes

U2 - 10.1093/alcalc/agac003

DO - 10.1093/alcalc/agac003

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 35217852

VL - 57

SP - 500

EP - 507

JO - ALCOHOL ALCOHOLISM

JF - ALCOHOL ALCOHOLISM

SN - 0735-0414

IS - 4

ER -