Polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease: A systematic review of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies

TY - JOUR

T1 - Polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease: A systematic review of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies

AU - Bunte, Kübra

AU - Hensel, Andreas

AU - Beikler, Thomas

N1 - Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PY - 2019/1

Y1 - 2019/1

N2 - Plant-derived polyphenols with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory characteristics appear to provide a variety of oral health benefits. Thus, the aim of the present study was to review the scientific literature to identify these effects of polyphenols on periodontal pathogens and inflammation. A MEDLINE search from 1st January 2013 to 18th January 2018 was performed to identify studies reporting polyphenol-containing plant extracts. Reports regarding pure compounds and essential oils, as well as effects on bacteria that are not defined as periodontal pathogens, were excluded. Thirty-eight studies matched the selection criteria. Studies on immunomodulatory effects included in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies (n = 23), whereas studies reporting antibacterial effects against periodontal pathogens included only in vitro studies (n = 18). Three studies were included in both groups. The antibacterial effects were characterised by inhibition of bacterial growth, adhesion to oral cells, and enzymatic activity. Decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory and increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines were demonstrated. Higher attachment levels, lower inflammation, and bone loss were reported by in vivo studies. Due to the high heterogeneity, it is difficult to draw clear conclusions for applicability; nevertheless, polyphenols have great potential as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory substances in the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease.

AB - Plant-derived polyphenols with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory characteristics appear to provide a variety of oral health benefits. Thus, the aim of the present study was to review the scientific literature to identify these effects of polyphenols on periodontal pathogens and inflammation. A MEDLINE search from 1st January 2013 to 18th January 2018 was performed to identify studies reporting polyphenol-containing plant extracts. Reports regarding pure compounds and essential oils, as well as effects on bacteria that are not defined as periodontal pathogens, were excluded. Thirty-eight studies matched the selection criteria. Studies on immunomodulatory effects included in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies (n = 23), whereas studies reporting antibacterial effects against periodontal pathogens included only in vitro studies (n = 18). Three studies were included in both groups. The antibacterial effects were characterised by inhibition of bacterial growth, adhesion to oral cells, and enzymatic activity. Decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory and increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines were demonstrated. Higher attachment levels, lower inflammation, and bone loss were reported by in vivo studies. Due to the high heterogeneity, it is difficult to draw clear conclusions for applicability; nevertheless, polyphenols have great potential as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory substances in the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease.

KW - Animals

KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology

KW - Bacteria/drug effects

KW - Cells, Cultured

KW - Humans

KW - Mice

KW - Oils, Volatile/pharmacology

KW - Periodontal Diseases/drug therapy

KW - Plant Extracts/pharmacology

KW - Polyphenols/pharmacology

KW - Rats

U2 - 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.11.012

DO - 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.11.012

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 30496806

VL - 132

SP - 30

EP - 39

JO - FITOTERAPIA

JF - FITOTERAPIA

SN - 0367-326X

ER -