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Oganization of the sleep-related neural systems in the brain of the river hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius): A most unusual cetartiodactyl species

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Oganization of the sleep-related neural systems in the brain of the river hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius): A most unusual cetartiodactyl species. / Dell, Leigh-Anne; Patzke, Nina; Spocter, Muhammad A.; Bertelsen, Mads F.; Siegel, Jerome M.; Manger, Paul R.

In: J COMP NEUROL, Vol. 524, No. 10, 01.07.2016, p. 2036-2058.

Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review

Harvard

Dell, L-A, Patzke, N, Spocter, MA, Bertelsen, MF, Siegel, JM & Manger, PR 2016, 'Oganization of the sleep-related neural systems in the brain of the river hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius): A most unusual cetartiodactyl species', J COMP NEUROL, vol. 524, no. 10, pp. 2036-2058. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.23930

APA

Dell, L-A., Patzke, N., Spocter, M. A., Bertelsen, M. F., Siegel, J. M., & Manger, P. R. (2016). Oganization of the sleep-related neural systems in the brain of the river hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius): A most unusual cetartiodactyl species. J COMP NEUROL, 524(10), 2036-2058. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.23930

Vancouver

Dell L-A, Patzke N, Spocter MA, Bertelsen MF, Siegel JM, Manger PR. Oganization of the sleep-related neural systems in the brain of the river hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius): A most unusual cetartiodactyl species. J COMP NEUROL. 2016 Jul 1;524(10):2036-2058. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.23930

Bibtex

@article{8ac718fae0b745eda943a3f706aa6168,
title = "Oganization of the sleep-related neural systems in the brain of the river hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius): A most unusual cetartiodactyl species",
abstract = "This study provides the first systematic analysis of the nuclear organization of the neural systems related to sleep and wake in the basal forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain, and pons of the river hippopotamus, one of the closest extant terrestrial relatives of the cetaceans. All nuclei involved in sleep regulation and control found in other mammals, including cetaceans, were present in the river hippopotamus, with no specific nuclei being absent, but novel features of the cholinergic system, including novel nuclei, were present. This qualitative similarity relates to the cholinergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic, and orexinergic systems and is extended to the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic elements of these nuclei. Quantitative analysis reveals that the numbers of pontine cholinergic (259,578) and noradrenergic (127,752) neurons, and hypothalamic orexinergic neurons (68,398) are markedly higher than in other large-brained mammals. These features, along with novel cholinergic nuclei in the intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus and the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain, as well as a major expansion of the hypothalamic cholinergic nuclei and a large laterodorsal tegmental nucleus of the pons that has both parvocellular and magnocellular cholinergic neurons, indicates an unusual sleep phenomenology for the hippopotamus. Our observations indicate that the hippopotamus is likely to be a bihemispheric sleeper that expresses REM sleep. The novel features of the cholinergic system suggest the presence of an undescribed sleep state in the hippopotamus, as well as the possibility that this animal could, more rapidly than other mammals, switch cortical electroencephalographic activity from one state to another.",
author = "Leigh-Anne Dell and Nina Patzke and Spocter, {Muhammad A.} and Bertelsen, {Mads F.} and Siegel, {Jerome M.} and Manger, {Paul R}",
year = "2016",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/cne.23930",
language = "English",
volume = "524",
pages = "2036--2058",
journal = "J COMP NEUROL",
issn = "0021-9967",
publisher = "Wiley",
number = "10",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Oganization of the sleep-related neural systems in the brain of the river hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius): A most unusual cetartiodactyl species

AU - Dell, Leigh-Anne

AU - Patzke, Nina

AU - Spocter, Muhammad A.

AU - Bertelsen, Mads F.

AU - Siegel, Jerome M.

AU - Manger, Paul R

PY - 2016/7/1

Y1 - 2016/7/1

N2 - This study provides the first systematic analysis of the nuclear organization of the neural systems related to sleep and wake in the basal forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain, and pons of the river hippopotamus, one of the closest extant terrestrial relatives of the cetaceans. All nuclei involved in sleep regulation and control found in other mammals, including cetaceans, were present in the river hippopotamus, with no specific nuclei being absent, but novel features of the cholinergic system, including novel nuclei, were present. This qualitative similarity relates to the cholinergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic, and orexinergic systems and is extended to the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic elements of these nuclei. Quantitative analysis reveals that the numbers of pontine cholinergic (259,578) and noradrenergic (127,752) neurons, and hypothalamic orexinergic neurons (68,398) are markedly higher than in other large-brained mammals. These features, along with novel cholinergic nuclei in the intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus and the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain, as well as a major expansion of the hypothalamic cholinergic nuclei and a large laterodorsal tegmental nucleus of the pons that has both parvocellular and magnocellular cholinergic neurons, indicates an unusual sleep phenomenology for the hippopotamus. Our observations indicate that the hippopotamus is likely to be a bihemispheric sleeper that expresses REM sleep. The novel features of the cholinergic system suggest the presence of an undescribed sleep state in the hippopotamus, as well as the possibility that this animal could, more rapidly than other mammals, switch cortical electroencephalographic activity from one state to another.

AB - This study provides the first systematic analysis of the nuclear organization of the neural systems related to sleep and wake in the basal forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain, and pons of the river hippopotamus, one of the closest extant terrestrial relatives of the cetaceans. All nuclei involved in sleep regulation and control found in other mammals, including cetaceans, were present in the river hippopotamus, with no specific nuclei being absent, but novel features of the cholinergic system, including novel nuclei, were present. This qualitative similarity relates to the cholinergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic, and orexinergic systems and is extended to the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic elements of these nuclei. Quantitative analysis reveals that the numbers of pontine cholinergic (259,578) and noradrenergic (127,752) neurons, and hypothalamic orexinergic neurons (68,398) are markedly higher than in other large-brained mammals. These features, along with novel cholinergic nuclei in the intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus and the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain, as well as a major expansion of the hypothalamic cholinergic nuclei and a large laterodorsal tegmental nucleus of the pons that has both parvocellular and magnocellular cholinergic neurons, indicates an unusual sleep phenomenology for the hippopotamus. Our observations indicate that the hippopotamus is likely to be a bihemispheric sleeper that expresses REM sleep. The novel features of the cholinergic system suggest the presence of an undescribed sleep state in the hippopotamus, as well as the possibility that this animal could, more rapidly than other mammals, switch cortical electroencephalographic activity from one state to another.

U2 - 10.1002/cne.23930

DO - 10.1002/cne.23930

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

VL - 524

SP - 2036

EP - 2058

JO - J COMP NEUROL

JF - J COMP NEUROL

SN - 0021-9967

IS - 10

ER -