Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (NOAC) as an Alternative Treatment Option in Tumor-Related Venous Thromboembolism

TY - JOUR

T1 - Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (NOAC) as an Alternative Treatment Option in Tumor-Related Venous Thromboembolism

AU - Beyer-Westendorf, Jan

AU - Klamroth, Robert

AU - Kreher, Stephan

AU - Langer, Florian

AU - Matzdorff, Axel

AU - Riess, Hanno

PY - 2019/1/18

Y1 - 2019/1/18

N2 - BACKGROUND: The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is 4 to 7 times higher in cancer patients than in the normal population. Moreover, cancer patients who take anticoagulants suffer more frequently from hemorrhagic complications and VTE recurrences. Patients often find low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) treatment unpleasant; approximately 20% stop taking LMWH during the first six months of treatment.METHODS: Based on a non-systematic literature search, an interdisciplinary group of specialists (hematology, oncology, hemostaseology, and angiology) developed a set of recommendations concerning the treatment of tumor-related thrombosis with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC).RESULTS: Patient-, tumor-, and tumor-treatment-related factors and clinical situations were identified that should be considered in therapeutic decision-making in the indi- vidual case. NOAC may be an alternative that lessens the rate of VTE recurrence (though at the cost of more hemorrhagic complications), without lessening mortality. Moreover, many factors need to be considered that can limit the utility of NOAC treatment or even make it impossible.CONCLUSION: It seems likely that, in future, the treatment of tumor-related VTE will often not involve a single decision to use either NOAC or LWMH, but rather a switching of treatment in either of two directions: from LWMH to NOAC in stable phases of the underlying malignant disease, conferring better quality of life to suitable patients; or from NOAC to LWMH, e.g., in patients suffering from emesis or thrombocytopenia, to whom the greater clinical experience with LWMH, parenteral application, or stepwise dose titration can confer benefits.

AB - BACKGROUND: The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is 4 to 7 times higher in cancer patients than in the normal population. Moreover, cancer patients who take anticoagulants suffer more frequently from hemorrhagic complications and VTE recurrences. Patients often find low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) treatment unpleasant; approximately 20% stop taking LMWH during the first six months of treatment.METHODS: Based on a non-systematic literature search, an interdisciplinary group of specialists (hematology, oncology, hemostaseology, and angiology) developed a set of recommendations concerning the treatment of tumor-related thrombosis with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC).RESULTS: Patient-, tumor-, and tumor-treatment-related factors and clinical situations were identified that should be considered in therapeutic decision-making in the indi- vidual case. NOAC may be an alternative that lessens the rate of VTE recurrence (though at the cost of more hemorrhagic complications), without lessening mortality. Moreover, many factors need to be considered that can limit the utility of NOAC treatment or even make it impossible.CONCLUSION: It seems likely that, in future, the treatment of tumor-related VTE will often not involve a single decision to use either NOAC or LWMH, but rather a switching of treatment in either of two directions: from LWMH to NOAC in stable phases of the underlying malignant disease, conferring better quality of life to suitable patients; or from NOAC to LWMH, e.g., in patients suffering from emesis or thrombocytopenia, to whom the greater clinical experience with LWMH, parenteral application, or stepwise dose titration can confer benefits.

KW - Administration, Oral

KW - Anticoagulants/administration & dosage

KW - Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/therapeutic use

KW - Humans

KW - Neoplasms/complications

KW - Venous Thromboembolism/drug therapy

U2 - 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0031

DO - 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0031

M3 - SCORING: Review article

C2 - 30832760

VL - 116

SP - 31

EP - 38

JO - DTSCH ARZTEBL INT

JF - DTSCH ARZTEBL INT

SN - 1866-0452

IS - 3

ER -