Nachweis von TP53-Mutationen mittels Exfoliativzytologie (brush biopsy) oraler Leukoplakien

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of mutations of the tumour suppressor gene TP53 in oral leukoplakias.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: Brush biopsy specimens of 43 oral leukoplakias, 26 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) for reference, and the oral mucosa of 4 clinically normal volunteers were collected. DNA of the critical exons 5-8 was analysed by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE).

RESULTS: The prevalence of mutations was 57.7% in OSCC, 39.5% in leukoplakias and 0% in controls. The highest frequency of mutations was found in exon 5 (46.2%) in OSCC and in exon 6 (23.3%) in leukoplakia. More than one mutation was detected in 26.9% of OSCC and 7% of leukoplakia specimens. At least one mutation was found in 37.5% of T1 OSCC and 100% of T4 OSCC specimens and in 37.1% of the L1 leukoplakia and 100% of L3 leukoplakia specimens.

CONCLUSIONS: TP53 mutations could be a useful prognostic indicator in precancerous oral lesions. Although the brush biopsy technique appears simple clinically, further investigations are necessary to specify the implications of genetic analysis.