Follow-up of patients after curative treatment of urological cancer is an important component of the treatment of patients. The aim of the follow-up is to monitor the success of treatment and to identify local or distant recurrences early to be able to initiate further treatment. Investigations used for the monitoring should follow the principle "as much as necessary, as little as possible". The interval and method of follow-up investigations should be based on the risk of recurrence for the individual patient. In recent years follow-up schemes have been improved and, for example in testicular cancer, have been adjusted to the individual risk group. In contrast, for other tumors, such as metastatic bladder carcinoma, recommendations for follow-up do not seem to be individualized. This article therefore gives an overview on current recommendations and evidence for the follow-up of the most important genitourinary tumor types.
