Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations.
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Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. / Quanjer, Philip H; Stanojevic, Sanja; Cole, Tim J; Baur, Xaver; Hall, Graham L; Culver, Bruce H; Enright, Paul L; Hankinson, John L; Ip, Mary S M; Zheng, Jinping; Stocks, Janet; Initiative, ERS Global Lung Function.
In: EUR RESPIR J, Vol. 40, No. 6, 6, 2012, p. 1324-1343.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations.
AU - Quanjer, Philip H
AU - Stanojevic, Sanja
AU - Cole, Tim J
AU - Baur, Xaver
AU - Hall, Graham L
AU - Culver, Bruce H
AU - Enright, Paul L
AU - Hankinson, John L
AU - Ip, Mary S M
AU - Zheng, Jinping
AU - Stocks, Janet
AU - Initiative, ERS Global Lung Function
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - The aim of the Task Force was to derive continuous prediction equations and their lower limits of normal for spirometric indices, which are applicable globally. Over 160,000 data points from 72 centres in 33 countries were shared with the European Respiratory Society Global Lung Function Initiative. Eliminating data that could not be used (mostly missing ethnic group, some outliers) left 97,759 records of healthy nonsmokers (55.3% females) aged 2.5-95 yrs. Lung function data were collated and prediction equations derived using the LMS method, which allows simultaneous modelling of the mean (mu), the coefficient of variation (sigma) and skewness (lambda) of a distribution family. After discarding 23,572 records, mostly because they could not be combined with other ethnic or geographic groups, reference equations were derived for healthy individuals aged 3-95 yrs for Caucasians (n=57,395), African-Americans (n=3,545), and North (n=4,992) and South East Asians (n=8,255). Forced expiratory value in 1 s (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC) between ethnic groups differed proportionally from that in Caucasians, such that FEV(1)/FVC remained virtually independent of ethnic group. For individuals not represented by these four groups, or of mixed ethnic origins, a composite equation taken as the average of the above equations is provided to facilitate interpretation until a more appropriate solution is developed. Spirometric prediction equations for the 3-95-age range are now available that include appropriate age-dependent lower limits of normal. They can be applied globally to different ethnic groups. Additional data from the Indian subcontinent and Arabic, Polynesian and Latin American countries, as well as Africa will further improve these equations in the future.
AB - The aim of the Task Force was to derive continuous prediction equations and their lower limits of normal for spirometric indices, which are applicable globally. Over 160,000 data points from 72 centres in 33 countries were shared with the European Respiratory Society Global Lung Function Initiative. Eliminating data that could not be used (mostly missing ethnic group, some outliers) left 97,759 records of healthy nonsmokers (55.3% females) aged 2.5-95 yrs. Lung function data were collated and prediction equations derived using the LMS method, which allows simultaneous modelling of the mean (mu), the coefficient of variation (sigma) and skewness (lambda) of a distribution family. After discarding 23,572 records, mostly because they could not be combined with other ethnic or geographic groups, reference equations were derived for healthy individuals aged 3-95 yrs for Caucasians (n=57,395), African-Americans (n=3,545), and North (n=4,992) and South East Asians (n=8,255). Forced expiratory value in 1 s (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC) between ethnic groups differed proportionally from that in Caucasians, such that FEV(1)/FVC remained virtually independent of ethnic group. For individuals not represented by these four groups, or of mixed ethnic origins, a composite equation taken as the average of the above equations is provided to facilitate interpretation until a more appropriate solution is developed. Spirometric prediction equations for the 3-95-age range are now available that include appropriate age-dependent lower limits of normal. They can be applied globally to different ethnic groups. Additional data from the Indian subcontinent and Arabic, Polynesian and Latin American countries, as well as Africa will further improve these equations in the future.
KW - Adult
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Aged
KW - Female
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Aged, 80 and over
KW - Adolescent
KW - Age Factors
KW - Child
KW - Child, Preschool
KW - Reference Values
KW - Models, Statistical
KW - World Health
KW - Quality Control
KW - Lung/physiology
KW - Ethnic Groups
KW - Forced Expiratory Volume
KW - Pulmonary Medicine/methods/standards
KW - Spirometry/methods/standards
KW - Vital Capacity
KW - Adult
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Aged
KW - Female
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Aged, 80 and over
KW - Adolescent
KW - Age Factors
KW - Child
KW - Child, Preschool
KW - Reference Values
KW - Models, Statistical
KW - World Health
KW - Quality Control
KW - Lung/physiology
KW - Ethnic Groups
KW - Forced Expiratory Volume
KW - Pulmonary Medicine/methods/standards
KW - Spirometry/methods/standards
KW - Vital Capacity
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
VL - 40
SP - 1324
EP - 1343
JO - EUR RESPIR J
JF - EUR RESPIR J
SN - 0903-1936
IS - 6
M1 - 6
ER -
