Atrial fibrillation is the most common form of arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with potentially severe complications. Apart from antiarrhythmic drug therapy, interventional treatment by catheter ablation has emerged as an effective and safe alternative notably for the paroxysmal form. The pulmonary veins (PV) have been identified as a major source in the setting of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circumferential wide area PV isolation, optimization of procedural techniques and the positioning of an ablation line deep in the left atrium have contributed to the increased success rates; however, the procedure is still associated with potentially severe complications and should therefore be carried out in centers with sufficient case numbers and operators with corresponding training and experience.
