Intratumoral heterogeneity of KRAS mutation is rare in non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Intratumoral heterogeneity of KRAS mutation is rare in non-small-cell lung cancer. / Alsdorf, Winfried H; Clauditz, Till S; Hoenig, Tobias; Quaas, Alexander; Sirma, Hüseyin; Koenig, Alexandra M; Izbicki, Jakob; Sauter, Guido; Marx, Andreas H; Grob, Tobias J.
In: EXP MOL PATHOL, Vol. 94, No. 1, 1, 2013, p. 155-159.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Intratumoral heterogeneity of KRAS mutation is rare in non-small-cell lung cancer.
AU - Alsdorf, Winfried H
AU - Clauditz, Till S
AU - Hoenig, Tobias
AU - Quaas, Alexander
AU - Sirma, Hüseyin
AU - Koenig, Alexandra M
AU - Izbicki, Jakob
AU - Sauter, Guido
AU - Marx, Andreas H
AU - Grob, Tobias J
N1 - Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - BACKGROUND: Several lines of evidence indicate that mutational activation of KRAS is an early event in the carcinogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nonetheless, previous studies report high frequencies of divergent KRAS mutational status between primary NSCLC and corresponding metastases. This suggests heterogeneity of the primary tumor in respect to its KRAS status. We therefore aimed to examine the frequency and the extent of such intratumoral heterogeneity.METHODS: 40 NSCLC were examined for intratumoral heterogeneity of KRAS mutation (20 adenocarcinomas, 10 squamous cell carcinomas and 10 large cell carcinomas). Three to eight different tumor areas were analyzed for KRAS mutation and up to four corresponding lymph node metastases were included for analysis in nineteen cases. A combination of different methods for screening of heterogeneity and its validation were used including direct sequencing, laser-capture microdissection for tumor cell enrichment and the very sensitive ARMS/S method.RESULTS: Mutations of KRAS were found in 13/30 adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas. No mutations were detected in 10 squamous cell carcinomas. Four cases showed heterogeneous KRAS results by direct sequencing. More sensitive methods for KRAS mutation analysis revealed false negative results due to admixture of non-neoplastic cells in all of these samples. Intratumoral heterogeneity of KRAS mutational status was therefore confirmed in none of the analyzed cases. In addition, identical KRAS mutations were present in the primary tumor and the corresponding lymph node metastases in 19 cases examined.CONCLUSIONS: Intratumoral heterogeneity of KRAS mutational status is rare in NSCLC but highly sensitive tools are required to reliably identify these mutations. This finding is in line with the hypothesis that oncogenic activation of KRAS is an early event and a bona fide "driver mutation" in NSCLC. Furthermore, future therapies targeting KRAS will not be limited by intratumoral heterogeneity.
AB - BACKGROUND: Several lines of evidence indicate that mutational activation of KRAS is an early event in the carcinogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nonetheless, previous studies report high frequencies of divergent KRAS mutational status between primary NSCLC and corresponding metastases. This suggests heterogeneity of the primary tumor in respect to its KRAS status. We therefore aimed to examine the frequency and the extent of such intratumoral heterogeneity.METHODS: 40 NSCLC were examined for intratumoral heterogeneity of KRAS mutation (20 adenocarcinomas, 10 squamous cell carcinomas and 10 large cell carcinomas). Three to eight different tumor areas were analyzed for KRAS mutation and up to four corresponding lymph node metastases were included for analysis in nineteen cases. A combination of different methods for screening of heterogeneity and its validation were used including direct sequencing, laser-capture microdissection for tumor cell enrichment and the very sensitive ARMS/S method.RESULTS: Mutations of KRAS were found in 13/30 adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas. No mutations were detected in 10 squamous cell carcinomas. Four cases showed heterogeneous KRAS results by direct sequencing. More sensitive methods for KRAS mutation analysis revealed false negative results due to admixture of non-neoplastic cells in all of these samples. Intratumoral heterogeneity of KRAS mutational status was therefore confirmed in none of the analyzed cases. In addition, identical KRAS mutations were present in the primary tumor and the corresponding lymph node metastases in 19 cases examined.CONCLUSIONS: Intratumoral heterogeneity of KRAS mutational status is rare in NSCLC but highly sensitive tools are required to reliably identify these mutations. This finding is in line with the hypothesis that oncogenic activation of KRAS is an early event and a bona fide "driver mutation" in NSCLC. Furthermore, future therapies targeting KRAS will not be limited by intratumoral heterogeneity.
KW - Humans
KW - Mutation
KW - Genes, ras
KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA
KW - Genetic Variation
KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
KW - ras Proteins/genetics
KW - Lung Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics/secondary
KW - Lymphatic Metastasis/genetics
KW - Humans
KW - Mutation
KW - Genes, ras
KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA
KW - Genetic Variation
KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
KW - ras Proteins/genetics
KW - Lung Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics/secondary
KW - Lymphatic Metastasis/genetics
U2 - 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.09.016
DO - 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.09.016
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 23022742
VL - 94
SP - 155
EP - 159
JO - EXP MOL PATHOL
JF - EXP MOL PATHOL
SN - 0014-4800
IS - 1
M1 - 1
ER -
