Intracranial haemorrhage in adult patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

TY - JOUR

T1 - Intracranial haemorrhage in adult patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

AU - Lüsebrink, Enzo

AU - Zimmer, Sebastian

AU - Schrage, Benedikt

AU - Dabboura, Salim

AU - Majunke, Nicolas

AU - Scherer, Clemens

AU - Aksoy, Adem

AU - Krogmann, Alexander

AU - Hoffmann, Sabine

AU - Szczanowicz, Lukasz

AU - Binzenhöfer, Leonhard

AU - Peterss, Sven

AU - Kühn, Christian

AU - Hagl, Christian

AU - Massberg, Steffen

AU - Schäfer, Andreas

AU - Thiele, Holger

AU - Westermann, Dirk

AU - Orban, Martin

AU - ICH-VA-ECMO Investigator Group

N1 - Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2022. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

PY - 2022/6/7

Y1 - 2022/6/7

N2 - AIMS: Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most serious complications of adult patients treated with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the prevalence and risk factors of ICH in this cohort are still insufficiently understood. We hypothesized that a considerable proportion of patients undergoing VA-ECMO support suffer from ICH and that specific risk factors are associated with the occurrence of ICH. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to further investigate the prevalence and associated mortality as well as to identify risk factors for ICH in VA-ECMO patients.METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a retrospective multicentre study including adult patients (≥18 years) treated with VA-ECMO in cardiac intensive care units (ICUs) at five German clinical sites between January 2016 and March 2020, excluding patients with ICH upon admission. Differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcome between VA-ECMO patients with and without ICH were analysed and risk factors for ICH were identified. Among the 598 patients included, 70/598 (12%) developed ICH during VA-ECMO treatment. In-hospital mortality in patients with ICH was 57/70 (81%) and 1-month mortality 60/70 (86%), compared to 332/528 (63%) (P = 0.002) and 340/528 (64%) (P < 0.001), respectively, in patients without ICH. Intracranial haemorrhage was positively associated with diabetes mellitus [odds ratio (OR) 2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-3.56; P = 0.020] and lactate (per mmol/L) (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.11; P = 0.020), and negatively associated with platelet count (per 100 G/L) (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.15-0.59; P = 0.001) and fibrinogen (per 100 mg/dL) (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49-0.83; P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Intracranial haemorrhage was associated with a significantly higher mortality rate. Diabetes mellitus and lactate were positively, platelet count, and fibrinogen level negatively associated with the occurrence of ICH. Thus, platelet count and fibrinogen level were revealed as potentially modifiable, independent risk factors for ICH. The findings address an area with limited data, provide information about risk factors and the epidemiology of ICH, and may be a starting point for further investigations to develop effective strategies to prevent and treat ICH.

AB - AIMS: Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most serious complications of adult patients treated with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the prevalence and risk factors of ICH in this cohort are still insufficiently understood. We hypothesized that a considerable proportion of patients undergoing VA-ECMO support suffer from ICH and that specific risk factors are associated with the occurrence of ICH. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to further investigate the prevalence and associated mortality as well as to identify risk factors for ICH in VA-ECMO patients.METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a retrospective multicentre study including adult patients (≥18 years) treated with VA-ECMO in cardiac intensive care units (ICUs) at five German clinical sites between January 2016 and March 2020, excluding patients with ICH upon admission. Differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcome between VA-ECMO patients with and without ICH were analysed and risk factors for ICH were identified. Among the 598 patients included, 70/598 (12%) developed ICH during VA-ECMO treatment. In-hospital mortality in patients with ICH was 57/70 (81%) and 1-month mortality 60/70 (86%), compared to 332/528 (63%) (P = 0.002) and 340/528 (64%) (P < 0.001), respectively, in patients without ICH. Intracranial haemorrhage was positively associated with diabetes mellitus [odds ratio (OR) 2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-3.56; P = 0.020] and lactate (per mmol/L) (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.11; P = 0.020), and negatively associated with platelet count (per 100 G/L) (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.15-0.59; P = 0.001) and fibrinogen (per 100 mg/dL) (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49-0.83; P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Intracranial haemorrhage was associated with a significantly higher mortality rate. Diabetes mellitus and lactate were positively, platelet count, and fibrinogen level negatively associated with the occurrence of ICH. Thus, platelet count and fibrinogen level were revealed as potentially modifiable, independent risk factors for ICH. The findings address an area with limited data, provide information about risk factors and the epidemiology of ICH, and may be a starting point for further investigations to develop effective strategies to prevent and treat ICH.

KW - Adult

KW - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods

KW - Fibrinogen

KW - Humans

KW - Intracranial Hemorrhages/epidemiology

KW - Lactates

KW - Retrospective Studies

KW - Shock, Cardiogenic/etiology

U2 - 10.1093/ehjacc/zuac018

DO - 10.1093/ehjacc/zuac018

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 35213724

VL - 11

SP - 303

EP - 311

JO - EUR HEART J-ACUTE CA

JF - EUR HEART J-ACUTE CA

SN - 2048-8726

IS - 4

ER -