Interaction of smoking and dietary habits modifying the risk of coronary heart disease in women: results from a case-control study

TY - JOUR

T1 - Interaction of smoking and dietary habits modifying the risk of coronary heart disease in women: results from a case-control study

AU - Zyriax, Birgit-Christiane

AU - Vettorazzi, Eik

AU - Hamuda, Ahmad

AU - Windler, Eberhard

PY - 2018/12

Y1 - 2018/12

N2 - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Smoking is a strong risk factor for coronary heart disease particularly in women. The risk may be aggravated by dietary habits, though.SUBJECTS/METHODS: The Coronary Risk for Atherosclerosis Study (CORA) compares dietary, lifestyle, biochemical, and clinical factors in 200 consecutive pre- and postmenopausal women with incident coronary heart disease to those of 255 age-matched population-based controls. A mixed logistic regression model was used to assess the possible interactions between smoking habits and dietary patterns.RESULTS: Each increase of 100 kcal energy intake per day was positively associated with coronary risk (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.17; p = 0.006). Doubling the intake of alcohol and vegetables was negatively related with coronary risk (alcohol: OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.50-0.73; p < 0.001; vegetables: OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.032-0.080; p = 0.003). In contrast, doubling the intake of meat was associated with an increase of coronary risk, but only in smoking women (OR 2.61, 95%CI 1.58-4.29; p < 0.001). In smoking women a high meat-over-vegetable-ratio indicated an even higher risk (ratio of 2.0: OR 5.77, 95% CI 2.13-15.67; p < 0.001), while a low meat-over-vegetable-ratio did not have a significant impact on coronary risk (ratio of 0.5: OR 1.28, 95% CI 0,78-2.09).CONCLUSIONS: This explorative analysis of the CORA-study indicates that a high intake of meat is significantly associated with an increase in coronary risk particularly in smoking women, and may account for part of the unadjusted risk of smoking.

AB - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Smoking is a strong risk factor for coronary heart disease particularly in women. The risk may be aggravated by dietary habits, though.SUBJECTS/METHODS: The Coronary Risk for Atherosclerosis Study (CORA) compares dietary, lifestyle, biochemical, and clinical factors in 200 consecutive pre- and postmenopausal women with incident coronary heart disease to those of 255 age-matched population-based controls. A mixed logistic regression model was used to assess the possible interactions between smoking habits and dietary patterns.RESULTS: Each increase of 100 kcal energy intake per day was positively associated with coronary risk (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.17; p = 0.006). Doubling the intake of alcohol and vegetables was negatively related with coronary risk (alcohol: OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.50-0.73; p < 0.001; vegetables: OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.032-0.080; p = 0.003). In contrast, doubling the intake of meat was associated with an increase of coronary risk, but only in smoking women (OR 2.61, 95%CI 1.58-4.29; p < 0.001). In smoking women a high meat-over-vegetable-ratio indicated an even higher risk (ratio of 2.0: OR 5.77, 95% CI 2.13-15.67; p < 0.001), while a low meat-over-vegetable-ratio did not have a significant impact on coronary risk (ratio of 0.5: OR 1.28, 95% CI 0,78-2.09).CONCLUSIONS: This explorative analysis of the CORA-study indicates that a high intake of meat is significantly associated with an increase in coronary risk particularly in smoking women, and may account for part of the unadjusted risk of smoking.

KW - Journal Article

U2 - 10.1038/s41430-018-0099-9

DO - 10.1038/s41430-018-0099-9

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 29500458

VL - 72

SP - 1673

EP - 1681

JO - EUR J CLIN NUTR

JF - EUR J CLIN NUTR

SN - 0954-3007

IS - 12

ER -