Interaction of angiogenically stimulated intermediate CD163+ monocytes/macrophages with soft hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks with elastic moduli matched to that of human arteries.

TY - JOUR

T1 - Interaction of angiogenically stimulated intermediate CD163+ monocytes/macrophages with soft hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks with elastic moduli matched to that of human arteries.

AU - Mayer, Anke

AU - Kratz, Karl

AU - Hiebl, Bernhard

AU - Lendlein, Andreas

AU - Jung, Friedrich

PY - 2012

Y1 - 2012

N2 - The cell population of peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages (MO) is heterogeneous: The majority of the MO are CD14++ CD16- and named "classical" (= MO1). Furthermore, two other subpopulations were described: CD14++ CD16+ ("intermediate"?=?MO2) and CD14+ CD16++ ("non-classical"?=?MO3). It is reported that MO2 possess anti-inflammatory properties and express the MO lineage marker CD163. On a hydrophilic neutrally charged acrylamide-based hydrogel human intermediate (CD14++ CD16+ ), angiogenically stimulated CD163++ monocytes/macrophages (aMO2) maintained a proangiogenic and noninflammatory status for at least 14 days. Here, we explored whether this aMO2 subset adhered to hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks (cPnBA) and also remained in its proangiogenic and noninflammatory status. Because substrate elasticity can impact adherence, morphology, and function of cells, cPnBAs with different Young's modulus (250 and 1100?kPa) were investigated, whereby their elasticity was tailored by variation of the cross-linker content and matched to the elasticity of human arteries. The cPnBAs exhibited similar surface properties (e.g., surface roughness), which were maintained after ethylene oxide sterilization and exposure in serum-free cell culture medium for 18?h at 37°C. aMO2 were seeded on cPnBA samples (1.7?×?10(5) cells/1.33?cm(2) ) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM high glucose) supplemented with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF-A(165) , 10?ng/mL) and fetal calf serum (10 vol%) for 3 and 72?h. On both polymeric samples (n?=?3 each), the numbers of adherent cells per unit area were significantly higher (P?<?0.01; cPnBA0250: 3?h 13?±?5 cells/mm(2) , 72?h 234?±?106 cells/mm(2) ; cPnBA1100: 3?h 14?±?3 cells/mm(2) , 72?h 198?±?113 cells/mm(2) ) compared to control cultures (glass, 3?h: 6?±?3 cells/mm(2) , 72?h: 130?±?83 cells/mm(2) ) and showed a typically spread morphology. The mRNA expression profile of the aMO2 was not influenced by the substrate elasticity. In the supernatant of aMO2 on cPnBA0250, significantly less VEGF-A(165) product was found than expected based on the mRNA level measured (P?<?0.01). Tests with recombinant VEGF-A(165) then demonstrated that significantly more VEGF-A(165) was adhered on cPnBA0250 than on cPnBA1100 (P?<?0.01). Seeded on cPnBA, aMO2-unaffected by the elastic moduli of both substrates-seemed to remain in their subset status and secreted VEGF-A(165) without release of proinflammatory cytokines. These in vitro results might indicate that this MO subset can be used as cellular delivery system for proangiogenic and noninflammatory mediators to support the endothelialization of cPnBA.

AB - The cell population of peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages (MO) is heterogeneous: The majority of the MO are CD14++ CD16- and named "classical" (= MO1). Furthermore, two other subpopulations were described: CD14++ CD16+ ("intermediate"?=?MO2) and CD14+ CD16++ ("non-classical"?=?MO3). It is reported that MO2 possess anti-inflammatory properties and express the MO lineage marker CD163. On a hydrophilic neutrally charged acrylamide-based hydrogel human intermediate (CD14++ CD16+ ), angiogenically stimulated CD163++ monocytes/macrophages (aMO2) maintained a proangiogenic and noninflammatory status for at least 14 days. Here, we explored whether this aMO2 subset adhered to hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks (cPnBA) and also remained in its proangiogenic and noninflammatory status. Because substrate elasticity can impact adherence, morphology, and function of cells, cPnBAs with different Young's modulus (250 and 1100?kPa) were investigated, whereby their elasticity was tailored by variation of the cross-linker content and matched to the elasticity of human arteries. The cPnBAs exhibited similar surface properties (e.g., surface roughness), which were maintained after ethylene oxide sterilization and exposure in serum-free cell culture medium for 18?h at 37°C. aMO2 were seeded on cPnBA samples (1.7?×?10(5) cells/1.33?cm(2) ) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM high glucose) supplemented with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF-A(165) , 10?ng/mL) and fetal calf serum (10 vol%) for 3 and 72?h. On both polymeric samples (n?=?3 each), the numbers of adherent cells per unit area were significantly higher (P?<?0.01; cPnBA0250: 3?h 13?±?5 cells/mm(2) , 72?h 234?±?106 cells/mm(2) ; cPnBA1100: 3?h 14?±?3 cells/mm(2) , 72?h 198?±?113 cells/mm(2) ) compared to control cultures (glass, 3?h: 6?±?3 cells/mm(2) , 72?h: 130?±?83 cells/mm(2) ) and showed a typically spread morphology. The mRNA expression profile of the aMO2 was not influenced by the substrate elasticity. In the supernatant of aMO2 on cPnBA0250, significantly less VEGF-A(165) product was found than expected based on the mRNA level measured (P?<?0.01). Tests with recombinant VEGF-A(165) then demonstrated that significantly more VEGF-A(165) was adhered on cPnBA0250 than on cPnBA1100 (P?<?0.01). Seeded on cPnBA, aMO2-unaffected by the elastic moduli of both substrates-seemed to remain in their subset status and secreted VEGF-A(165) without release of proinflammatory cytokines. These in vitro results might indicate that this MO subset can be used as cellular delivery system for proangiogenic and noninflammatory mediators to support the endothelialization of cPnBA.

KW - Humans

KW - Cells, Cultured

KW - Gene Expression

KW - Cell Adhesion

KW - Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions

KW - Antigens, CD/immunology

KW - Acrylates/chemistry

KW - Antigens, CD14/immunology

KW - Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology

KW - Biocompatible Materials/chemistry

KW - Elastic Modulus

KW - Macrophages/cytology/immunology/metabolism

KW - Monocytes/cytology/immunology/metabolism

KW - Polymers/chemistry

KW - Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology

KW - Receptors, IgG/immunology

KW - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics

KW - Humans

KW - Cells, Cultured

KW - Gene Expression

KW - Cell Adhesion

KW - Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions

KW - Antigens, CD/immunology

KW - Acrylates/chemistry

KW - Antigens, CD14/immunology

KW - Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology

KW - Biocompatible Materials/chemistry

KW - Elastic Modulus

KW - Macrophages/cytology/immunology/metabolism

KW - Monocytes/cytology/immunology/metabolism

KW - Polymers/chemistry

KW - Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology

KW - Receptors, IgG/immunology

KW - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

VL - 36

SP - 28

EP - 38

JO - ARTIF ORGANS

JF - ARTIF ORGANS

SN - 0160-564X

IS - 3

M1 - 3

ER -