Influence of thermoplastic appliance thickness on the magnitude of force delivered to a maxillary central incisor during tipping
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Influence of thermoplastic appliance thickness on the magnitude of force delivered to a maxillary central incisor during tipping. / Hahn, Wolfram; Dathe, Henning; Fialka-Fricke, Julia; Fricke-Zech, Susanne; Zapf, Antonia; Kubein-Meesenburg, Dietmar; Sadat-Khonsari, Reza.
In: AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC, Vol. 136, No. 1, 07.2009, p. 12.e1-7; discussion 12-3.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Influence of thermoplastic appliance thickness on the magnitude of force delivered to a maxillary central incisor during tipping
AU - Hahn, Wolfram
AU - Dathe, Henning
AU - Fialka-Fricke, Julia
AU - Fricke-Zech, Susanne
AU - Zapf, Antonia
AU - Kubein-Meesenburg, Dietmar
AU - Sadat-Khonsari, Reza
PY - 2009/7
Y1 - 2009/7
N2 - INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to quantify the forces delivered by thermoplastic appliances made of 2 materials with 2 thicknesses to a maxillary central incisor during tipping.METHODS: Two materials were tested, each in 2 thicknesses: Erkodur (Erkodent Erich Kopp GmbH, Pfalzgrafenweiler, Germany) 1.0 and 0.8 mm, and Biolon (Dreve Dentamid GmbH, Unna, Germany), 1.0 and 0.75 mm. For each material, 5 appliances were produced. To measure the forces applied, an isolated measuring tooth, part of a standardized resin model, was deflected in 0.05 degrees steps from 0 degrees to 0.42 degrees in the vestibular and palatine directions, after placing the respective appliance on the model. For statistical analysis, the force components Fx/tipping and Fz/intrusion at a displacement of +/- 0.151 mm from the incisor edge were selected. Means and standard deviations were calculated. The Wilcoxon 2-sample test for group pairings was used.RESULTS: The norms for the mean Fx forces ranged from 1.62 (SD, 0.41) to 5.35 N (SD, 0.63). The mean Fz forces were between 0.07 (SD, 0.13) and -2.47 N (SD, 0.34). The highest intrusive forces were measured during vestibular displacement of the measuring tooth. The forces delivered by the thick appliances were overall significantly higher (P <0.0001) than those of the thin materials. The forces delivered by the Biolon appliances were generally significantly higher (P <0.0001) than those for the Erkodur materials.CONCLUSIONS: The forces applied were mostly too high when compared with those stated in the literature as ideal. In addition to thickness, the thermoforming process influences the magnitude of the force delivered by a thermoformed appliance.
AB - INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to quantify the forces delivered by thermoplastic appliances made of 2 materials with 2 thicknesses to a maxillary central incisor during tipping.METHODS: Two materials were tested, each in 2 thicknesses: Erkodur (Erkodent Erich Kopp GmbH, Pfalzgrafenweiler, Germany) 1.0 and 0.8 mm, and Biolon (Dreve Dentamid GmbH, Unna, Germany), 1.0 and 0.75 mm. For each material, 5 appliances were produced. To measure the forces applied, an isolated measuring tooth, part of a standardized resin model, was deflected in 0.05 degrees steps from 0 degrees to 0.42 degrees in the vestibular and palatine directions, after placing the respective appliance on the model. For statistical analysis, the force components Fx/tipping and Fz/intrusion at a displacement of +/- 0.151 mm from the incisor edge were selected. Means and standard deviations were calculated. The Wilcoxon 2-sample test for group pairings was used.RESULTS: The norms for the mean Fx forces ranged from 1.62 (SD, 0.41) to 5.35 N (SD, 0.63). The mean Fz forces were between 0.07 (SD, 0.13) and -2.47 N (SD, 0.34). The highest intrusive forces were measured during vestibular displacement of the measuring tooth. The forces delivered by the thick appliances were overall significantly higher (P <0.0001) than those of the thin materials. The forces delivered by the Biolon appliances were generally significantly higher (P <0.0001) than those for the Erkodur materials.CONCLUSIONS: The forces applied were mostly too high when compared with those stated in the literature as ideal. In addition to thickness, the thermoforming process influences the magnitude of the force delivered by a thermoformed appliance.
KW - Dental Materials
KW - Humans
KW - Incisor
KW - Materials Testing
KW - Maxilla
KW - Movement
KW - Orthodontic Appliance Design
KW - Plastics
KW - Polyethylenes
KW - Polyvinyls
KW - Stress, Mechanical
KW - Surface Properties
KW - Temperature
KW - Tooth Movement Techniques
KW - Torque
KW - Comparative Study
KW - Journal Article
U2 - 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.12.015
DO - 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.12.015
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 19577136
VL - 136
SP - 12.e1-7; discussion 12-3
IS - 1
ER -