Individual, Social, and Environmental Factors Associated with Different Patterns of Stimulant Use: A Cross-Sectional Study from Five European Countries
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Individual, Social, and Environmental Factors Associated with Different Patterns of Stimulant Use: A Cross-Sectional Study from Five European Countries. / Rosenkranz, Moritz; O'Donnell, Amy; Martens, Marcus-Sebastian; Zurhold, Heike; Degkwitz, Peter; Liebregts, Nienke; Barták, Miroslav; Rowicka, Magdalena; Verthein, Uwe.
In: EUR ADDICT RES, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2023, p. 182-193.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Individual, Social, and Environmental Factors Associated with Different Patterns of Stimulant Use: A Cross-Sectional Study from Five European Countries
AU - Rosenkranz, Moritz
AU - O'Donnell, Amy
AU - Martens, Marcus-Sebastian
AU - Zurhold, Heike
AU - Degkwitz, Peter
AU - Liebregts, Nienke
AU - Barták, Miroslav
AU - Rowicka, Magdalena
AU - Verthein, Uwe
N1 - © 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - INTRODUCTION: Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) are the second most commonly consumed class of illicit drugs globally, but there is limited understanding of the precise factors associated with problematic versus controlled ATS consumption. This exploratory study aimed to identify which individual, social, and environmental factors are associated with different patterns of ATS use over time.METHODS: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Germany, England, The Netherlands, Poland, and the Czech Republic via face-to-face computer-assisted personal interviews to collect data on different user groups. 1,458 adults (18+) reported exposure to but no ATS use (n = 339); former rare/moderate ATS use (n = 242); current rare/moderate ATS use (n = 273); former frequent/dependent ATS use (n = 201); current frequent/dependent ATS use (n = 403). Extent of ATS/other substance use was assessed by number of consumption days (lifetime, past year, past month) and Severity of Dependence Scale. To identify factors associated with group membership, data were also collected on previous injecting drug use (IDU) and consumption setting/rules. Psychological distress was measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory, with additional data collected on self-reported adverse life events and physical/mental health.RESULTS: Currently, using frequent/dependent ATS users experienced more frequent unstable living conditions (27.5%) and psychological distress (59.8%) compared to other groups. A multinomial logistic regression showed that currently abstinent rare/moderate users were more likely to abstain from methamphetamine use {odds ratio (OR) = 2.48 (confidence interval [CI] = 1.32-4.68)} and from IDU (OR = 6.33 [CI = 2.21-18.14]), to avoid ATS use during working hours (OR = 6.67 [CI = 3.85-11.11]), and not to use ATS for coping reasons (OR = 4.55 [CI = 2.50-6.67]) compared to the reference group of currently using frequent/dependent users.CONCLUSIONS: People who use ATS frequently and/or at dependent levels are more likely to have experienced social and economic adversity compared to infrequent ATS users. On the other hand, there is a substantial share of users, which show a controlled use pattern and are able to integrate ATS use into their lives without severe consequences.
AB - INTRODUCTION: Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) are the second most commonly consumed class of illicit drugs globally, but there is limited understanding of the precise factors associated with problematic versus controlled ATS consumption. This exploratory study aimed to identify which individual, social, and environmental factors are associated with different patterns of ATS use over time.METHODS: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Germany, England, The Netherlands, Poland, and the Czech Republic via face-to-face computer-assisted personal interviews to collect data on different user groups. 1,458 adults (18+) reported exposure to but no ATS use (n = 339); former rare/moderate ATS use (n = 242); current rare/moderate ATS use (n = 273); former frequent/dependent ATS use (n = 201); current frequent/dependent ATS use (n = 403). Extent of ATS/other substance use was assessed by number of consumption days (lifetime, past year, past month) and Severity of Dependence Scale. To identify factors associated with group membership, data were also collected on previous injecting drug use (IDU) and consumption setting/rules. Psychological distress was measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory, with additional data collected on self-reported adverse life events and physical/mental health.RESULTS: Currently, using frequent/dependent ATS users experienced more frequent unstable living conditions (27.5%) and psychological distress (59.8%) compared to other groups. A multinomial logistic regression showed that currently abstinent rare/moderate users were more likely to abstain from methamphetamine use {odds ratio (OR) = 2.48 (confidence interval [CI] = 1.32-4.68)} and from IDU (OR = 6.33 [CI = 2.21-18.14]), to avoid ATS use during working hours (OR = 6.67 [CI = 3.85-11.11]), and not to use ATS for coping reasons (OR = 4.55 [CI = 2.50-6.67]) compared to the reference group of currently using frequent/dependent users.CONCLUSIONS: People who use ATS frequently and/or at dependent levels are more likely to have experienced social and economic adversity compared to infrequent ATS users. On the other hand, there is a substantial share of users, which show a controlled use pattern and are able to integrate ATS use into their lives without severe consequences.
KW - Adult
KW - Humans
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects
KW - Amphetamine
KW - Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
KW - Methamphetamine
U2 - 10.1159/000529944
DO - 10.1159/000529944
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 37166303
VL - 29
SP - 182
EP - 193
JO - EUR ADDICT RES
JF - EUR ADDICT RES
SN - 1022-6877
IS - 3
ER -