Individual differences in stop-related activity are inflated by the adaptive algorithm in the stop signal task
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Individual differences in stop-related activity are inflated by the adaptive algorithm in the stop signal task. / D'Alberto, Nicholas; Chaarani, Bader; Orr, Catherine A; Spechler, Philip A; Albaugh, Matthew D; Allgaier, Nicholas; Wonnell, Alexander; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L W; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Quinlan, Erin Burke; Conrod, Patricia J; Desrivières, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Fröhner, Juliane H; Frouin, Vincent; Gowland, Penny; Heinz, Andreas; Itterman, Bernd; Martinot, Jean-Luc; Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure; Artiges, Eric; Nees, Frauke; Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri; Poustka, Luise; Robbins, Trevor W; Smolka, Michael N; Walter, Henrik; Whelan, Robert; Schumann, Gunter; Potter, Alexandra S; Garavan, Hugh.
In: HUM BRAIN MAPP, Vol. 39, No. 8, 08.2018, p. 3263-3276.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Individual differences in stop-related activity are inflated by the adaptive algorithm in the stop signal task
AU - D'Alberto, Nicholas
AU - Chaarani, Bader
AU - Orr, Catherine A
AU - Spechler, Philip A
AU - Albaugh, Matthew D
AU - Allgaier, Nicholas
AU - Wonnell, Alexander
AU - Banaschewski, Tobias
AU - Bokde, Arun L W
AU - Bromberg, Uli
AU - Büchel, Christian
AU - Quinlan, Erin Burke
AU - Conrod, Patricia J
AU - Desrivières, Sylvane
AU - Flor, Herta
AU - Fröhner, Juliane H
AU - Frouin, Vincent
AU - Gowland, Penny
AU - Heinz, Andreas
AU - Itterman, Bernd
AU - Martinot, Jean-Luc
AU - Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure
AU - Artiges, Eric
AU - Nees, Frauke
AU - Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri
AU - Poustka, Luise
AU - Robbins, Trevor W
AU - Smolka, Michael N
AU - Walter, Henrik
AU - Whelan, Robert
AU - Schumann, Gunter
AU - Potter, Alexandra S
AU - Garavan, Hugh
N1 - © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2018/8
Y1 - 2018/8
N2 - Research using the Stop Signal Task employing an adaptive algorithm to accommodate individual differences often report inferior performance on the task in individuals with ADHD, OCD, and substance use disorders compared to non-clinical controls. Furthermore, individuals with deficits in inhibitory control tend to show reduced neural activity in key inhibitory regions during successful stopping. However, the adaptive algorithm systematically introduces performance-related differences in objective task difficulty that may influence the estimation of individual differences in stop-related neural activity. This report examines the effect that these algorithm-related differences have on the measurement of neural activity during the stop signal task. We compared two groups of subjects (n = 210) who differed in inhibitory ability using both a standard fMRI analysis and an analysis that resampled trials to remove the objective task difficulty confound. The results show that objective task difficulty influences the magnitude of between-group differences and that controlling for difficulty attenuates stop-related activity differences between superior and poor inhibitors. Specifically, group differences in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, and left inferior frontal gyrus are diminished when differences in objective task difficulty are controlled for. Also, when objective task difficulty effects are exaggerated, group differences in stop related activity emerge in other regions of the stopping network. The implications of these effects for how we interpret individual differences in activity levels are discussed.
AB - Research using the Stop Signal Task employing an adaptive algorithm to accommodate individual differences often report inferior performance on the task in individuals with ADHD, OCD, and substance use disorders compared to non-clinical controls. Furthermore, individuals with deficits in inhibitory control tend to show reduced neural activity in key inhibitory regions during successful stopping. However, the adaptive algorithm systematically introduces performance-related differences in objective task difficulty that may influence the estimation of individual differences in stop-related neural activity. This report examines the effect that these algorithm-related differences have on the measurement of neural activity during the stop signal task. We compared two groups of subjects (n = 210) who differed in inhibitory ability using both a standard fMRI analysis and an analysis that resampled trials to remove the objective task difficulty confound. The results show that objective task difficulty influences the magnitude of between-group differences and that controlling for difficulty attenuates stop-related activity differences between superior and poor inhibitors. Specifically, group differences in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, and left inferior frontal gyrus are diminished when differences in objective task difficulty are controlled for. Also, when objective task difficulty effects are exaggerated, group differences in stop related activity emerge in other regions of the stopping network. The implications of these effects for how we interpret individual differences in activity levels are discussed.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Algorithms
KW - Brain/diagnostic imaging
KW - Brain Mapping
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Individuality
KW - Inhibition (Psychology)
KW - Longitudinal Studies
KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
KW - Male
KW - Neuropsychological Tests
KW - Psychomotor Performance/physiology
KW - Young Adult
U2 - 10.1002/hbm.24075
DO - 10.1002/hbm.24075
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 29656430
VL - 39
SP - 3263
EP - 3276
JO - HUM BRAIN MAPP
JF - HUM BRAIN MAPP
SN - 1065-9471
IS - 8
ER -
