With the emerging development and improvement of biomaterials, the application of ceramics in restorative medicine has experienced a renaissance. New production processes have reportedly helped to overcome unfavorable biomechanical characteristics of these materials, which lead to a wide application of zirconia as ground material for dental implants. Zirconia-based implants are biocompatible, demonstrate ability to osseointegrate and have a teeth-like color, rendering them to be an ideal replacement for titanium-based implant systems, which represent the current gold standard in implantology. However, there is a lack of standardized guidelines on production of zirconia-based implants and long-term studies on the stability of this material in vivo are missing. In this study we demonstrate for the first time the accumulation of degradation products of a commercially available one-piece zirconia-based dental implant 29 months after implantation, which was recovered following a traumatic accident. Biopsy specimens from the implant and the surrounding tissue attached to it were processed for histological and histomorphometrical analysis. Although the implant was well integrated into the anchoring bone, degradation particles were observed in tissues adjacent to lower aspects of the implant. The observed implant degradation might seriously compromise implant stability several years after implantation. This incidental finding highlights the requirement of further research on zirconia-based ceramics before they can be advertised as safe alternative to titanium-based implant systems. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2919-2923, 2018.
