Impaired sleep quality and sleep duration in smokers-results from the German Multicenter Study on Nicotine Dependence

TY - JOUR

T1 - Impaired sleep quality and sleep duration in smokers-results from the German Multicenter Study on Nicotine Dependence

AU - Cohrs, Stefan

AU - Rodenbeck, Andrea

AU - Riemann, Dieter

AU - Szagun, Bertram

AU - Jaehne, Andreas

AU - Brinkmeyer, Jürgen

AU - Gründer, Gerhard

AU - Wienker, Thomas

AU - Diaz-Lacava, Amalia

AU - Mobascher, Arian

AU - Dahmen, Norbert

AU - Thuerauf, Norbert

AU - Kornhuber, Johannes

AU - Kiefer, Falk

AU - Gallinat, Jürgen

AU - Wagner, Michael

AU - Kunz, Dieter

AU - Grittner, Ulrike

AU - Winterer, Georg

N1 - © 2012 The Authors, Addiction Biology © 2012 Society for the Study of Addiction.

PY - 2014/5

Y1 - 2014/5

N2 - Cigarette smoking is a severe health burden being related to a number of chronic diseases. Frequently, smokers report about sleep problems. Sleep disturbance, in turn, has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathophysiology of several disorders related to smoking and may be relevant for the pathophysiology of nicotine dependence. Therefore, determining the frequency of sleep disturbance in otherwise healthy smokers and its association with degree of nicotine dependence is highly relevant. In a population-based case-control study, 1071 smokers and 1243 non-smokers without lifetime Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Axis I disorder were investigated. Sleep quality (SQ) of participants was determined by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. As possible confounders, age, sex and level of education and income, as well as depressiveness, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity, alcohol drinking behaviour and perceived stress, were included into multiple regression analyses. Significantly more smokers than non-smokers (28.1% versus 19.1%; P < 0.0001) demonstrated a disturbed global SQ. After controlling for the confounders, impaired scores in the component scores of sleep latency, sleep duration and global SQ were found significantly more often in smokers than non-smokers. Consistently, higher degrees of nicotine dependence and intensity of smoking were associated with shorter sleep duration. This study demonstrates for the first time an elevated prevalence of sleep disturbance in smokers compared with non-smokers in a population without lifetime history of psychiatric disorders even after controlling for potentially relevant risk factors. It appears likely that smoking is a behaviourally modifiable risk factor for the occurrence of impaired SQ and short sleep duration.

AB - Cigarette smoking is a severe health burden being related to a number of chronic diseases. Frequently, smokers report about sleep problems. Sleep disturbance, in turn, has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathophysiology of several disorders related to smoking and may be relevant for the pathophysiology of nicotine dependence. Therefore, determining the frequency of sleep disturbance in otherwise healthy smokers and its association with degree of nicotine dependence is highly relevant. In a population-based case-control study, 1071 smokers and 1243 non-smokers without lifetime Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Axis I disorder were investigated. Sleep quality (SQ) of participants was determined by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. As possible confounders, age, sex and level of education and income, as well as depressiveness, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity, alcohol drinking behaviour and perceived stress, were included into multiple regression analyses. Significantly more smokers than non-smokers (28.1% versus 19.1%; P < 0.0001) demonstrated a disturbed global SQ. After controlling for the confounders, impaired scores in the component scores of sleep latency, sleep duration and global SQ were found significantly more often in smokers than non-smokers. Consistently, higher degrees of nicotine dependence and intensity of smoking were associated with shorter sleep duration. This study demonstrates for the first time an elevated prevalence of sleep disturbance in smokers compared with non-smokers in a population without lifetime history of psychiatric disorders even after controlling for potentially relevant risk factors. It appears likely that smoking is a behaviourally modifiable risk factor for the occurrence of impaired SQ and short sleep duration.

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Aged

KW - Case-Control Studies

KW - Female

KW - Germany

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Prevalence

KW - Sleep Wake Disorders

KW - Smoking

KW - Tobacco Use Disorder

KW - Young Adult

U2 - 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00487.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00487.x

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 22913370

VL - 19

SP - 486

EP - 496

JO - ADDICT BIOL

JF - ADDICT BIOL

SN - 1355-6215

IS - 3

ER -