Immunizing school-age children and adolescents: experience from low- and middle-income countries
Standard
Immunizing school-age children and adolescents: experience from low- and middle-income countries. / Mackroth, Maria Sophia; Irwin, Kathleen; Vandelaer, Jos; Hombach, Joachim; Eckert, Linda O.
In: VACCINE, Vol. 28, No. 5, 03.02.2010, p. 1138-47.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Review article › Research
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Immunizing school-age children and adolescents: experience from low- and middle-income countries
AU - Mackroth, Maria Sophia
AU - Irwin, Kathleen
AU - Vandelaer, Jos
AU - Hombach, Joachim
AU - Eckert, Linda O
N1 - (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2010/2/3
Y1 - 2010/2/3
N2 - OBJECTIVE: Given the increased attention on the need for booster immunizations of older children and adolescents, as well as new primary vaccine series that specifically target school-age children and adolescents, we reviewed the current state of vaccine delivery to school-age children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries.METHODS: We searched the published literature and unpublished sources for articles, meeting presentations, technical reports and program documents related to immunization policies and programs for school-age children and/or adolescents between 6 and 19 years of age in low- and middle-income countries.FINDINGS: We found several examples of ongoing school-age children and adolescent immunization in low- and middle-income countries. Reasons to vaccinate this age group include vaccines specifically targeted for this age group, waning immunity from prior vaccination, "catch-up" vaccination, acceleration of disease control or elimination efforts, and age distribution shift in the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases. Multiple delivery strategies are currently in use: routine immunization, supplementary immunization activities, and Child Health Days and similar activities. Vaccines can be delivered in fixed sites, or through outreach. Most immunization programs that target adolescents and school-aged children are providing boosters of infant vaccines at school entry age, with scant experience in delivery of primary vaccination series in adolescents. Few of these programs have been formally evaluated and dissemination of lessons learned is limited.CONCLUSIONS: This baseline description may facilitate immunization program planning in countries considering vaccinating this age group. Additionally, this summary may inform plans for operational research and program evaluation designed to expand vaccine delivery to school-age children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries.
AB - OBJECTIVE: Given the increased attention on the need for booster immunizations of older children and adolescents, as well as new primary vaccine series that specifically target school-age children and adolescents, we reviewed the current state of vaccine delivery to school-age children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries.METHODS: We searched the published literature and unpublished sources for articles, meeting presentations, technical reports and program documents related to immunization policies and programs for school-age children and/or adolescents between 6 and 19 years of age in low- and middle-income countries.FINDINGS: We found several examples of ongoing school-age children and adolescent immunization in low- and middle-income countries. Reasons to vaccinate this age group include vaccines specifically targeted for this age group, waning immunity from prior vaccination, "catch-up" vaccination, acceleration of disease control or elimination efforts, and age distribution shift in the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases. Multiple delivery strategies are currently in use: routine immunization, supplementary immunization activities, and Child Health Days and similar activities. Vaccines can be delivered in fixed sites, or through outreach. Most immunization programs that target adolescents and school-aged children are providing boosters of infant vaccines at school entry age, with scant experience in delivery of primary vaccination series in adolescents. Few of these programs have been formally evaluated and dissemination of lessons learned is limited.CONCLUSIONS: This baseline description may facilitate immunization program planning in countries considering vaccinating this age group. Additionally, this summary may inform plans for operational research and program evaluation designed to expand vaccine delivery to school-age children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Child
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Immunization
KW - Male
KW - National Health Programs
KW - Socioeconomic Factors
KW - Journal Article
KW - Review
U2 - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.008
DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.008
M3 - SCORING: Review article
C2 - 20005856
VL - 28
SP - 1138
EP - 1147
JO - VACCINE
JF - VACCINE
SN - 0264-410X
IS - 5
ER -