Heat generation during ablation of porcine skin with erbium:YAG laser vs a novel picosecond infrared laser
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Heat generation during ablation of porcine skin with erbium:YAG laser vs a novel picosecond infrared laser. / Jowett, Nathan; Wöllmer, Wolfgang; Mlynarek, Alex M; Wiseman, Paul; Segal, Bernard; Franjic, Kresimir; Krötz, Peter; Böttcher, Arne; Knecht, Rainald; Miller, R J Dwayne.
In: JAMA OTOLARYNGOL, Vol. 139, No. 8, 01.08.2013, p. 828-33.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Heat generation during ablation of porcine skin with erbium:YAG laser vs a novel picosecond infrared laser
AU - Jowett, Nathan
AU - Wöllmer, Wolfgang
AU - Mlynarek, Alex M
AU - Wiseman, Paul
AU - Segal, Bernard
AU - Franjic, Kresimir
AU - Krötz, Peter
AU - Böttcher, Arne
AU - Knecht, Rainald
AU - Miller, R J Dwayne
PY - 2013/8/1
Y1 - 2013/8/1
N2 - IMPORTANCE: Despite significant advances in surgery, most surgical tools remain basic. Lasers provide a means of precise surgical ablation, but their clinical use has remained limited because of undesired thermal, ionizing, or acoustic stress effects leading to tissue injury. A novel ultrafast, nonionizing, picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) system has recently been developed and is capable, in theory, of ablation with negligible thermal or acoustic stress effects.OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare heat generation by means of thermography during ablation of ex vivo porcine skin by conventional microsecond-pulsed erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) laser and picosecond infrared laser (PIRL).DESIGN AND SETTING: This study was conducted in an optics laboratory and used a pretest-posttest experimental design comparing 2 methods of laser ablation of tissue with each sample acting as its own control.INTERVENTION: Ex vivo porcine skin was ablated in a 5-mm line pattern with both Er:YAG laser and PIRL at fluence levels marginally above ablation threshold (2 J/cm² and 0.6 J/cm², respectively).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Peaks and maxima of skin temperature rises were determined using a thermography camera. Means of peak temperature rises were compared using the paired sample t test. Ablation craters were assessed by means of digital microscopy. RESULTS Mean peak rise in skin surface temperature for the Er:YAG laser and PIRL was 15.0°C and 1.68°C, respectively (P < .001). Maximum peak rise in skin surface temperature was 18.85°C for the Er:YAG laser and 2.05°C for the PIRL. Ablation craters were confirmed on digital microscopy.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Picosecond infrared laser ablation results in negligible heat generation, considerably less than Er:YAG laser ablation, which confirms the potential of this novel technology in minimizing undesirable thermal injury associated with lasers currently in clinical use.
AB - IMPORTANCE: Despite significant advances in surgery, most surgical tools remain basic. Lasers provide a means of precise surgical ablation, but their clinical use has remained limited because of undesired thermal, ionizing, or acoustic stress effects leading to tissue injury. A novel ultrafast, nonionizing, picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) system has recently been developed and is capable, in theory, of ablation with negligible thermal or acoustic stress effects.OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare heat generation by means of thermography during ablation of ex vivo porcine skin by conventional microsecond-pulsed erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) laser and picosecond infrared laser (PIRL).DESIGN AND SETTING: This study was conducted in an optics laboratory and used a pretest-posttest experimental design comparing 2 methods of laser ablation of tissue with each sample acting as its own control.INTERVENTION: Ex vivo porcine skin was ablated in a 5-mm line pattern with both Er:YAG laser and PIRL at fluence levels marginally above ablation threshold (2 J/cm² and 0.6 J/cm², respectively).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Peaks and maxima of skin temperature rises were determined using a thermography camera. Means of peak temperature rises were compared using the paired sample t test. Ablation craters were assessed by means of digital microscopy. RESULTS Mean peak rise in skin surface temperature for the Er:YAG laser and PIRL was 15.0°C and 1.68°C, respectively (P < .001). Maximum peak rise in skin surface temperature was 18.85°C for the Er:YAG laser and 2.05°C for the PIRL. Ablation craters were confirmed on digital microscopy.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Picosecond infrared laser ablation results in negligible heat generation, considerably less than Er:YAG laser ablation, which confirms the potential of this novel technology in minimizing undesirable thermal injury associated with lasers currently in clinical use.
KW - Animals
KW - Epidermis
KW - Hot Temperature
KW - Infrared Rays
KW - Laser Therapy
KW - Lasers, Solid-State
KW - Models, Animal
KW - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW - Swine
KW - Thermography
U2 - 10.1001/jamaoto.2013.3974
DO - 10.1001/jamaoto.2013.3974
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 23949359
VL - 139
SP - 828
EP - 833
JO - JAMA OTOLARYNGOL
JF - JAMA OTOLARYNGOL
SN - 2168-6181
IS - 8
ER -