Head position and expressed emotion of adolescents with schizophrenia and their caregivers compared to non-patient controls.
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Head position and expressed emotion of adolescents with schizophrenia and their caregivers compared to non-patient controls. / Ramsauer, Brigitte; Lotzin, Annett; Parzer, Peter; Resch, Franz.
In: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, Vol. 46, No. 4, 4, 2013, p. 225-232.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Head position and expressed emotion of adolescents with schizophrenia and their caregivers compared to non-patient controls.
AU - Ramsauer, Brigitte
AU - Lotzin, Annett
AU - Parzer, Peter
AU - Resch, Franz
N1 - Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - BACKGROUND: Family interactions with schizophrenia patients and caregivers rated as high expressed emotion (EE) are characterized by increased negative non-verbal behaviour. Head position is one important component of non-verbal behaviour and has not been examined in relation to EE before. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the influence of caregivers' EE on the head position of adolescents with schizophrenia and their caregivers.SAMPLING AND METHODS: 15 adolescent schizophrenia patients and 17 non-patient adolescents were videotaped during a 10-min problem-solving task with their caregiver. The head position was coded by the Berner System of Non-Verbal Behaviour. The caregivers' EE level (high EE vs. low EE) was measured by the Five-Minute Speech Sample.RESULTS: Adolescent patients and non-patients showed a higher frequency of averted head positions towards high EE caregivers compared to low EE caregivers (β = 47.85, t = 2.41, p = 0.023). They displayed longer mean times of averting towards high EE caregivers compared to low EE caregivers (β = -1.78, t = -2.51, p = 0.018). An indirect approach was shown more frequently by adolescent patients towards low EE compared to high EE caregivers (β = 39.99, t = 2.31, p = 0.028). In contrast, non-patient adolescents showed a more indirect approach towards high EE caregivers compared to low EE caregivers. Caregivers of schizophrenia patients had head positions with a straight ahead lowered approach for a longer time compared to caregivers of non-patients (β = -29.75, t = -2.51, p = 0.018). Within the patient and non-patient groups, low EE caregivers showed longer total times of positions with a straight ahead lowered approach than high EE caregivers.CONCLUSIONS: High EE communication may be characterized by a higher ratio of averting head position in adolescents, which is especially pronounced in adolescents with schizophrenia. Low EE communication seems to be better adjusted by a more indirect approach being shown by the adolescent and straight ahead lowered head positions by the caregiver, especially when the adolescent suffers from schizophrenia.
AB - BACKGROUND: Family interactions with schizophrenia patients and caregivers rated as high expressed emotion (EE) are characterized by increased negative non-verbal behaviour. Head position is one important component of non-verbal behaviour and has not been examined in relation to EE before. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the influence of caregivers' EE on the head position of adolescents with schizophrenia and their caregivers.SAMPLING AND METHODS: 15 adolescent schizophrenia patients and 17 non-patient adolescents were videotaped during a 10-min problem-solving task with their caregiver. The head position was coded by the Berner System of Non-Verbal Behaviour. The caregivers' EE level (high EE vs. low EE) was measured by the Five-Minute Speech Sample.RESULTS: Adolescent patients and non-patients showed a higher frequency of averted head positions towards high EE caregivers compared to low EE caregivers (β = 47.85, t = 2.41, p = 0.023). They displayed longer mean times of averting towards high EE caregivers compared to low EE caregivers (β = -1.78, t = -2.51, p = 0.018). An indirect approach was shown more frequently by adolescent patients towards low EE compared to high EE caregivers (β = 39.99, t = 2.31, p = 0.028). In contrast, non-patient adolescents showed a more indirect approach towards high EE caregivers compared to low EE caregivers. Caregivers of schizophrenia patients had head positions with a straight ahead lowered approach for a longer time compared to caregivers of non-patients (β = -29.75, t = -2.51, p = 0.018). Within the patient and non-patient groups, low EE caregivers showed longer total times of positions with a straight ahead lowered approach than high EE caregivers.CONCLUSIONS: High EE communication may be characterized by a higher ratio of averting head position in adolescents, which is especially pronounced in adolescents with schizophrenia. Low EE communication seems to be better adjusted by a more indirect approach being shown by the adolescent and straight ahead lowered head positions by the caregiver, especially when the adolescent suffers from schizophrenia.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Affect
KW - Caregivers
KW - Expressed Emotion
KW - Female
KW - Germany
KW - Head
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Nonverbal Communication
KW - Posture
KW - Problem Solving
KW - Schizophrenia
KW - Schizophrenic Psychology
KW - Young Adult
U2 - 10.1159/000342131
DO - 10.1159/000342131
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 23037448
VL - 46
SP - 225
EP - 232
JO - PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
JF - PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
SN - 0254-4962
IS - 4
M1 - 4
ER -
