Functional Neuroimaging Predictors of Self-Reported Psychotic Symptoms in Adolescents

TY - JOUR

T1 - Functional Neuroimaging Predictors of Self-Reported Psychotic Symptoms in Adolescents

AU - Bourque, Josiane

AU - Spechler, Philip A

AU - Potvin, Stéphane

AU - Whelan, Robert

AU - Banaschewski, Tobias

AU - Bokde, Arun L W

AU - Bromberg, Uli

AU - Büchel, Christian

AU - Quinlan, Erin Burke

AU - Desrivières, Sylvane

AU - Flor, Herta

AU - Frouin, Vincent

AU - Gowland, Penny

AU - Heinz, Andreas

AU - Ittermann, Bernd

AU - Martinot, Jean-Luc

AU - Paillère-Martinot, Marie-Laure

AU - McEwen, Sarah C

AU - Nees, Frauke

AU - Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos

AU - Paus, Tomáš

AU - Poustka, Luise

AU - Smolka, Michael N

AU - Vetter, Nora C

AU - Walter, Henrik

AU - Schumann, Gunter

AU - Garavan, Hugh

AU - Conrod, Patricia J

AU - IMAGEN Consortium

PY - 2017/6/1

Y1 - 2017/6/1

N2 - OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the neural correlates of psychotic-like experiences in youths during tasks involving inhibitory control, reward anticipation, and emotion processing. A secondary aim was to test whether these neurofunctional correlates of risk were predictive of psychotic symptoms 2 years later.METHOD: Functional imaging responses to three paradigms-the stop-signal, monetary incentive delay, and faces tasks-were collected in youths at age 14, as part of the IMAGEN study. At baseline, youths from London and Dublin sites were assessed on psychotic-like experiences, and those reporting significant experiences were compared with matched control subjects. Significant brain activity differences between the groups were used to predict, with cross-validation, the presence of psychotic symptoms in the context of mood fluctuation at age 16, assessed in the full sample. These prediction analyses were conducted with the London-Dublin subsample (N=246) and the full sample (N=1,196).RESULTS: Relative to control subjects, youths reporting psychotic-like experiences showed increased hippocampus/amygdala activity during processing of neutral faces and reduced dorsolateral prefrontal activity during failed inhibition. The most prominent regional difference for classifying 16-year-olds with mood fluctuation and psychotic symptoms relative to the control groups (those with mood fluctuations but no psychotic symptoms and those with no mood symptoms) was hyperactivation of the hippocampus/amygdala, when controlling for baseline psychotic-like experiences and cannabis use.CONCLUSIONS: The results stress the importance of the limbic network's increased response to neutral facial stimuli as a marker of the extended psychosis phenotype. These findings might help to guide early intervention strategies for at-risk youths.

AB - OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the neural correlates of psychotic-like experiences in youths during tasks involving inhibitory control, reward anticipation, and emotion processing. A secondary aim was to test whether these neurofunctional correlates of risk were predictive of psychotic symptoms 2 years later.METHOD: Functional imaging responses to three paradigms-the stop-signal, monetary incentive delay, and faces tasks-were collected in youths at age 14, as part of the IMAGEN study. At baseline, youths from London and Dublin sites were assessed on psychotic-like experiences, and those reporting significant experiences were compared with matched control subjects. Significant brain activity differences between the groups were used to predict, with cross-validation, the presence of psychotic symptoms in the context of mood fluctuation at age 16, assessed in the full sample. These prediction analyses were conducted with the London-Dublin subsample (N=246) and the full sample (N=1,196).RESULTS: Relative to control subjects, youths reporting psychotic-like experiences showed increased hippocampus/amygdala activity during processing of neutral faces and reduced dorsolateral prefrontal activity during failed inhibition. The most prominent regional difference for classifying 16-year-olds with mood fluctuation and psychotic symptoms relative to the control groups (those with mood fluctuations but no psychotic symptoms and those with no mood symptoms) was hyperactivation of the hippocampus/amygdala, when controlling for baseline psychotic-like experiences and cannabis use.CONCLUSIONS: The results stress the importance of the limbic network's increased response to neutral facial stimuli as a marker of the extended psychosis phenotype. These findings might help to guide early intervention strategies for at-risk youths.

KW - Adolescent

KW - Affect

KW - Amygdala

KW - Anticipation, Psychological

KW - Brain

KW - Case-Control Studies

KW - Europe

KW - Female

KW - Follow-Up Studies

KW - Hippocampus

KW - Humans

KW - Inhibition (Psychology)

KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging

KW - Male

KW - Nerve Net

KW - Predictive Value of Tests

KW - Prefrontal Cortex

KW - Psychotic Disorders

KW - Reference Values

KW - Reward

KW - Risk Assessment

KW - Self Report

KW - Statistics as Topic

KW - Journal Article

KW - Multicenter Study

KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

KW - Periodical Index

U2 - 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16080897

DO - 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16080897

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 28320226

VL - 174

SP - 566

EP - 575

JO - AM J PSYCHIAT

JF - AM J PSYCHIAT

SN - 0002-953X

IS - 6

ER -