Enhanced in vitro activation of immunocompetent cells in healthy individuals being subcutaneously 'vaccinated' with placebo (physiological saline)
Standard
Enhanced in vitro activation of immunocompetent cells in healthy individuals being subcutaneously 'vaccinated' with placebo (physiological saline). / Klein, Reinhild; Buck, Sandra; Classen, Karen; Freiburg, Center for Complementary; Huber, Roman.
In: CLIN IMMUNOL, Vol. 126, No. 3, 03.2008, p. 322-31.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhanced in vitro activation of immunocompetent cells in healthy individuals being subcutaneously 'vaccinated' with placebo (physiological saline)
AU - Klein, Reinhild
AU - Buck, Sandra
AU - Classen, Karen
AU - Freiburg, Center for Complementary
AU - Huber, Roman
PY - 2008/3
Y1 - 2008/3
N2 - The effect of subcutaneous injection of physiological saline (given as 'placebo' in a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study) on immunocompetent cells from healthy individuals was analyzed. In two studies in 1998/1999 and 2002, 16 and 13 healthy individuals, respectively, were injected subcutaneously with 1 ml physiological saline twice a week for up to 12 weeks. Lymphocytes were isolated before and during exposure and incubated with recall antigens (purified protein derivative [PPD], tetanus toxoid [TT], bacillus Calmette-Guerin [BCG]). The production of T-helper type 1-, type 2-, and macrophage/monocyte-related cytokines was analyzed by ELISA. There was a significant increase of the recall-antigen-induced production of IFNgamma, IL-5, IL-13, TNFalpha, and GM-CSF in both groups during the observation period. Subcutaneous injection of placebo, therefore, enhances immunoreactivity. Psychological aspects, activation of the autonomous nerve system or local activation of mast cells or dendritic cells may be responsible for this phenomenon.
AB - The effect of subcutaneous injection of physiological saline (given as 'placebo' in a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study) on immunocompetent cells from healthy individuals was analyzed. In two studies in 1998/1999 and 2002, 16 and 13 healthy individuals, respectively, were injected subcutaneously with 1 ml physiological saline twice a week for up to 12 weeks. Lymphocytes were isolated before and during exposure and incubated with recall antigens (purified protein derivative [PPD], tetanus toxoid [TT], bacillus Calmette-Guerin [BCG]). The production of T-helper type 1-, type 2-, and macrophage/monocyte-related cytokines was analyzed by ELISA. There was a significant increase of the recall-antigen-induced production of IFNgamma, IL-5, IL-13, TNFalpha, and GM-CSF in both groups during the observation period. Subcutaneous injection of placebo, therefore, enhances immunoreactivity. Psychological aspects, activation of the autonomous nerve system or local activation of mast cells or dendritic cells may be responsible for this phenomenon.
KW - Adult
KW - Antigens/pharmacology
KW - Cytokines/metabolism
KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
KW - Female
KW - Health
KW - Humans
KW - Immunocompetence/drug effects
KW - Injections, Subcutaneous
KW - Macrophages/drug effects
KW - Male
KW - Placebo Effect
KW - Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage
KW - T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
KW - Vaccination
U2 - 10.1016/j.clim.2007.09.007
DO - 10.1016/j.clim.2007.09.007
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 18345549
VL - 126
SP - 322
EP - 331
JO - CLIN IMMUNOL
JF - CLIN IMMUNOL
SN - 1521-6616
IS - 3
ER -
