Endo-vacuum assisted closure treatment for rectal anastomotic insufficiency

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic insufficiency in patients with colorectal anastomosis is a major complication with high morbidity and mortality. Local treatment with transrectal lavage and drainage can be considered in patient without peritonitis. In order to prevent prolonged wound closure and secondary complications during conservative treatment we investigated the vacuum assisted closure (VAC) in this setting.

METHODS: Ten patients with anastomotic insufficiency after colorectal resections, who did not require transabdominal interventions, were treated with an Endo-vacuum assisted closure dressing (Group A; n = 5) or by transrectal lavage (Group B; n = 5). Time for wound healing, duration of hospitalization and pain assessment were compared in both groups.

RESULTS: The Endo-vacuum assisted closure treatment was performed for a median time of 27 days without any vacuum assisted closure associated complications. Wound healing was significantly accelerated in Group A compared to Group B. Time in hospital was slightly shortened in patients with Endo-vacuum assisted closure. Pain assessment in both groups did not show any significant differences.

CONCLUSION: Endo-vacuum assisted closure therapy is a novel approach that can be considered in diverted patients with failed colorectal anastomoses. Larger randomized trials that include complete cost-benefit analyses are needed to establish its role in this setting.