Dose-Response Relationships between Levels of Alcohol Use and Risks of Mortality or Disease, for All People, by Age, Sex, and Specific Risk Factors
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Dose-Response Relationships between Levels of Alcohol Use and Risks of Mortality or Disease, for All People, by Age, Sex, and Specific Risk Factors. / Rehm, Jürgen; Rovira, Pol; Llamosas-Falcón, Laura; Shield, Kevin D.
In: NUTRIENTS, Vol. 13, No. 8, 2652, 30.07.2021.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Review article › Research
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Dose-Response Relationships between Levels of Alcohol Use and Risks of Mortality or Disease, for All People, by Age, Sex, and Specific Risk Factors
AU - Rehm, Jürgen
AU - Rovira, Pol
AU - Llamosas-Falcón, Laura
AU - Shield, Kevin D
PY - 2021/7/30
Y1 - 2021/7/30
N2 - Alcohol use has been causally linked to more than 200 disease and injury conditions, as defined by three-digit ICD-10 codes. The understanding of how alcohol use is related to these conditions is essential to public health and policy research. Accordingly, this study presents a narrative review of different dose-response relationships for alcohol use. Relative-risk (RR) functions were obtained from various comparative risk assessments. Two main dimensions of alcohol consumption are used to assess disease and injury risk: (1) volume of consumption, and (2) patterns of drinking, operationalized via frequency of heavy drinking occasions. Lifetime abstention was used as the reference group. Most dose-response relationships between alcohol and outcomes are monotonic, but for diabetes type 2 and ischemic diseases, there are indications of a curvilinear relationship, where light to moderate drinking is associated with lower risk compared with not drinking (i.e., RR < 1). In general, women experience a greater increase in RR per gram of alcohol consumed than men. The RR per gram of alcohol consumed was lower for people of older ages. RRs indicated that alcohol use may interact synergistically with other risk factors, in particular with socioeconomic status and other behavioural risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, or physical inactivity. The literature on the impact of genetic constitution on dose-response curves is underdeveloped, but certain genetic variants are linked to an increased RR per gram of alcohol consumed for some diseases. When developing alcohol policy measures, including low-risk drinking guidelines, dose-response relationships must be taken into consideration.
AB - Alcohol use has been causally linked to more than 200 disease and injury conditions, as defined by three-digit ICD-10 codes. The understanding of how alcohol use is related to these conditions is essential to public health and policy research. Accordingly, this study presents a narrative review of different dose-response relationships for alcohol use. Relative-risk (RR) functions were obtained from various comparative risk assessments. Two main dimensions of alcohol consumption are used to assess disease and injury risk: (1) volume of consumption, and (2) patterns of drinking, operationalized via frequency of heavy drinking occasions. Lifetime abstention was used as the reference group. Most dose-response relationships between alcohol and outcomes are monotonic, but for diabetes type 2 and ischemic diseases, there are indications of a curvilinear relationship, where light to moderate drinking is associated with lower risk compared with not drinking (i.e., RR < 1). In general, women experience a greater increase in RR per gram of alcohol consumed than men. The RR per gram of alcohol consumed was lower for people of older ages. RRs indicated that alcohol use may interact synergistically with other risk factors, in particular with socioeconomic status and other behavioural risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, or physical inactivity. The literature on the impact of genetic constitution on dose-response curves is underdeveloped, but certain genetic variants are linked to an increased RR per gram of alcohol consumed for some diseases. When developing alcohol policy measures, including low-risk drinking guidelines, dose-response relationships must be taken into consideration.
KW - alcohol
KW - alcohol control policy
KW - curvilinear
KW - disease
KW - dose response
KW - monotonous
KW - mortality
KW - patterns of drinking
KW - protective effects
KW - Age Factors
KW - Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects
KW - Causality
KW - Disease
KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
KW - Humans
KW - Mortality
KW - Risk Assessment
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Sex Factors
KW - Smoking
KW - Disease
KW - Mortality
KW - Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects
U2 - 10.3390/nu13082652
DO - 10.3390/nu13082652
M3 - SCORING: Review article
C2 - 34444809
VL - 13
JO - NUTRIENTS
JF - NUTRIENTS
SN - 2072-6643
IS - 8
M1 - 2652
ER -