Diagnostic Imaging of Patellofemoral Instability

TY - JOUR

T1 - Diagnostic Imaging of Patellofemoral Instability

AU - Maas, Kai-Jonathan

AU - Warncke, Malte Lennart

AU - Leiderer, Miriam

AU - Krause, Matthias

AU - Dust, Tobias

AU - Frings, Jannik

AU - Frosch, Karl-Heinz

AU - Adam, Gerhard

AU - Henes, Frank Oliver Gerhard

N1 - Thieme. All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/9

Y1 - 2021/9

N2 - BACKGROUND:  Throughout the literature, patellofemoral instability (PI) is defined as an increased risk of re-/luxation of the patella within the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). In most patients it is caused by traumatic patella luxation or the existence of a range of predisposing anatomic risk factors leading to an unphysiological movement sequence within the PFJ also known as patellofemoral maltracking. In order to provide an individualized therapy approach, clinical and radiological evaluation of those risk factors of variable magnitude becomes essential. Diagnostic imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), plain radiography, and computed tomography (CT) are straightforward diagnostic tools in terms of evaluation and treatment of PI.METHOD:  In this review we performed a precise analysis of today's literature concerning the radiological evaluation of anatomic risk factors leading to PI. The purpose of the review is to present a logical compilation of the different anatomical risk factors causing PI and provide a straight overview of valuable radiological imaging techniques.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:  PI is frequently based on a multifactorial disposition. The most relevant predisposing risk factors are trochlea dysplasia, rupture of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), patella alta, abnormal tibial tubercle to trochlea groove distance (TT-TG), femoral torsion deformities, and genu valgum. Although plain X-rays may provide basic diagnostic value, cross-sectional imaging (MRI, CT) is the standard radiological tool in terms of evaluation and detection of severity of predisposing anatomic variants leading to PI.KEY POINTS:   · Based on today's literature, PI is characterized as an increased risk of patella re-/luxation within the PFJ.. · Underlying anatomic risk factors of variable magnitude mark the pathological cause of PI.. · Modern diagnostic imaging (MRI and CT) permits straightforward diagnosis of the typical features in terms of PI.. · To provide an individualized therapy approach, precise radiological evaluation and determination of the severity of predisposing anatomic anomalies are essential..CITATION FORMAT: · Maas KJ, Warncke ML, Leiderer M et al. Diagnostic Imaging of Patellofemoral Instability. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 1019 - 1033.

AB - BACKGROUND:  Throughout the literature, patellofemoral instability (PI) is defined as an increased risk of re-/luxation of the patella within the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). In most patients it is caused by traumatic patella luxation or the existence of a range of predisposing anatomic risk factors leading to an unphysiological movement sequence within the PFJ also known as patellofemoral maltracking. In order to provide an individualized therapy approach, clinical and radiological evaluation of those risk factors of variable magnitude becomes essential. Diagnostic imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), plain radiography, and computed tomography (CT) are straightforward diagnostic tools in terms of evaluation and treatment of PI.METHOD:  In this review we performed a precise analysis of today's literature concerning the radiological evaluation of anatomic risk factors leading to PI. The purpose of the review is to present a logical compilation of the different anatomical risk factors causing PI and provide a straight overview of valuable radiological imaging techniques.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:  PI is frequently based on a multifactorial disposition. The most relevant predisposing risk factors are trochlea dysplasia, rupture of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), patella alta, abnormal tibial tubercle to trochlea groove distance (TT-TG), femoral torsion deformities, and genu valgum. Although plain X-rays may provide basic diagnostic value, cross-sectional imaging (MRI, CT) is the standard radiological tool in terms of evaluation and detection of severity of predisposing anatomic variants leading to PI.KEY POINTS:   · Based on today's literature, PI is characterized as an increased risk of patella re-/luxation within the PFJ.. · Underlying anatomic risk factors of variable magnitude mark the pathological cause of PI.. · Modern diagnostic imaging (MRI and CT) permits straightforward diagnosis of the typical features in terms of PI.. · To provide an individualized therapy approach, precise radiological evaluation and determination of the severity of predisposing anatomic anomalies are essential..CITATION FORMAT: · Maas KJ, Warncke ML, Leiderer M et al. Diagnostic Imaging of Patellofemoral Instability. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 1019 - 1033.

KW - Humans

KW - Ligaments, Articular

KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging

KW - Patella

KW - Patellar Dislocation/diagnostic imaging

KW - Patellofemoral Joint/diagnostic imaging

KW - Tibia

U2 - 10.1055/a-1348-2122

DO - 10.1055/a-1348-2122

M3 - SCORING: Review article

C2 - 33773517

VL - 193

SP - 1019

EP - 1033

JO - ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG

JF - ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG

SN - 1438-9029

IS - 9

ER -