Deletions in the 3' part of the NFIX gene including a recurrent Alu-mediated deletion of exon 6 and 7 account for previously unexplained cases of Marshall-Smith syndrome
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Deletions in the 3' part of the NFIX gene including a recurrent Alu-mediated deletion of exon 6 and 7 account for previously unexplained cases of Marshall-Smith syndrome. / Schanze, Denny; Neubauer, Dorothée; Cormier-Daire, Valerie; Delrue, Marie-Ange; Dieux-Coeslier, Anne; Hasegawa, Tomonobu; Holmberg, Eva E; Koenig, Rainer; Krueger, Gabriele; Schanze, Ina; Seemanova, Eva; Shaw, Adam C; Vogt, Julie; Volleth, Marianne; Reis, André; Meinecke, Peter; Hennekam, Raoul C M; Zenker, Martin.
In: HUM MUTAT, Vol. 35, No. 9, 09.2014, p. 1092-100.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Deletions in the 3' part of the NFIX gene including a recurrent Alu-mediated deletion of exon 6 and 7 account for previously unexplained cases of Marshall-Smith syndrome
AU - Schanze, Denny
AU - Neubauer, Dorothée
AU - Cormier-Daire, Valerie
AU - Delrue, Marie-Ange
AU - Dieux-Coeslier, Anne
AU - Hasegawa, Tomonobu
AU - Holmberg, Eva E
AU - Koenig, Rainer
AU - Krueger, Gabriele
AU - Schanze, Ina
AU - Seemanova, Eva
AU - Shaw, Adam C
AU - Vogt, Julie
AU - Volleth, Marianne
AU - Reis, André
AU - Meinecke, Peter
AU - Hennekam, Raoul C M
AU - Zenker, Martin
N1 - © 2014 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.
PY - 2014/9
Y1 - 2014/9
N2 - Marshall-Smith syndrome (MSS) is a very rare malformation syndrome characterized by typical craniofacial anomalies, abnormal osseous maturation, developmental delay, failure to thrive, and respiratory difficulties. Mutations in the nuclear factor 1/X gene (NFIX) were recently identified as the cause of MSS. In our study cohort of 17 patients with a clinical diagnosis of MSS, conventional sequencing of NFIX revealed frameshift and splice-site mutations in 10 individuals. Using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis, we identified a recurrent deletion of NFIX exon 6 and 7 in five individuals. We demonstrate this recurrent deletion is the product of a recombination between AluY elements located in intron 5 and 7. Two other patients had smaller deletions affecting exon 6. These findings show that MSS is a genetically homogeneous Mendelian disorder. RT-PCR experiments with newly identified NFIX mutations including the recurrent exon 6 and 7 deletion confirmed previous findings indicating that MSS-associated mutant mRNAs are not cleared by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Predicted MSS-associated mutant NFIX proteins consistently have a preserved DNA binding and dimerization domain, whereas they grossly vary in their C-terminal portion. This is in line with the hypothesis that MSS-associated mutations encode dysfunctional proteins that act in a dominant negative manner.
AB - Marshall-Smith syndrome (MSS) is a very rare malformation syndrome characterized by typical craniofacial anomalies, abnormal osseous maturation, developmental delay, failure to thrive, and respiratory difficulties. Mutations in the nuclear factor 1/X gene (NFIX) were recently identified as the cause of MSS. In our study cohort of 17 patients with a clinical diagnosis of MSS, conventional sequencing of NFIX revealed frameshift and splice-site mutations in 10 individuals. Using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis, we identified a recurrent deletion of NFIX exon 6 and 7 in five individuals. We demonstrate this recurrent deletion is the product of a recombination between AluY elements located in intron 5 and 7. Two other patients had smaller deletions affecting exon 6. These findings show that MSS is a genetically homogeneous Mendelian disorder. RT-PCR experiments with newly identified NFIX mutations including the recurrent exon 6 and 7 deletion confirmed previous findings indicating that MSS-associated mutant mRNAs are not cleared by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Predicted MSS-associated mutant NFIX proteins consistently have a preserved DNA binding and dimerization domain, whereas they grossly vary in their C-terminal portion. This is in line with the hypothesis that MSS-associated mutations encode dysfunctional proteins that act in a dominant negative manner.
KW - Abnormalities, Multiple
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Alu Elements
KW - Bone Diseases, Developmental
KW - Child
KW - Child, Preschool
KW - Chromosome Breakpoints
KW - Craniofacial Abnormalities
KW - DNA Mutational Analysis
KW - Exons
KW - Facies
KW - Female
KW - Gene Expression
KW - Genetic Loci
KW - Humans
KW - Infant
KW - Male
KW - Mutation
KW - NFI Transcription Factors
KW - Phenotype
KW - RNA, Messenger
KW - Septo-Optic Dysplasia
KW - Sequence Deletion
KW - Young Adult
U2 - 10.1002/humu.22603
DO - 10.1002/humu.22603
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 24924640
VL - 35
SP - 1092
EP - 1100
JO - HUM MUTAT
JF - HUM MUTAT
SN - 1059-7794
IS - 9
ER -