Chapter 17 - Expertise Area 2.3: Urethral reconstruction in rare diseases and complex conditions

A urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethral lumen and is often a forgotten cause of lower urinary tract symptoms. Early recognition and prompt referral to a urologist are crucial for reducing the morbidity from a urethral stricture and both the European and American urology guide lines prove a perfect overview and guidance. In this chapter, we will focus specifically on rare causes of urethral strictures as: pelvic fracture urethral injury, lichen sclerosis, amyloidosis, panurethral strictures, strictures post-TURP or RALP or posthypospadias repair.