Breaking new ground in mineralized tissue: Assessing tissue quality in clinical and laboratory studies
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Breaking new ground in mineralized tissue: Assessing tissue quality in clinical and laboratory studies. / Zimmermann, Elizabeth A; Fiedler, Imke A K; Busse, Björn.
In: J MECH BEHAV BIOMED, Vol. 113, 104138, 01.2021.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Breaking new ground in mineralized tissue: Assessing tissue quality in clinical and laboratory studies
AU - Zimmermann, Elizabeth A
AU - Fiedler, Imke A K
AU - Busse, Björn
N1 - Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - Mineralized tissues, such as bone and teeth, have extraordinary mechanical properties of both strength and toughness. This mechanical behavior originates from deformation and fracture resistance mechanisms in their multi-scale structure. The term quality describes the matrix composition, multi-scale structure, remodeling dynamics, water content, and micro-damage accumulation in the tissue. Aging and disease result in changes in the tissue quality that may reduce strength and toughness and lead to elevated fracture risk. Therefore, the capability to measure the quality of mineralized tissues provides critical information on disease progression and mechanical integrity. Here, we provide an overview of clinical and laboratory-based techniques to assess the quality of mineralized tissues in health and disease. Current techniques used in clinical settings include radiography-based (radiographs, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, EOS) and x-ray tomography-based methods (high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography). In the laboratory, tissue quality can be investigated in ex vivo samples with x-ray imaging (micro and nano-computed tomography, x-ray microscopy), electron microscopy (scanning/transmission electron imaging (SEM/STEM), backscattered scanning electron microscopy, Focused Ion Beam-SEM), light microscopy, spectroscopy (Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and assessment of mechanical behavior (mechanical testing, fracture mechanics and reference point indentation). It is important for clinicians and basic science researchers to be aware of the techniques available in different types of research. While x-ray imaging techniques translated to the clinic have provided exceptional advancements in patient care, the future challenge will be to incorporate high-resolution laboratory-based bone quality measurements into clinical settings to broaden the depth of information available to clinicians during diagnostics, treatment and management of mineralized tissue pathologies.
AB - Mineralized tissues, such as bone and teeth, have extraordinary mechanical properties of both strength and toughness. This mechanical behavior originates from deformation and fracture resistance mechanisms in their multi-scale structure. The term quality describes the matrix composition, multi-scale structure, remodeling dynamics, water content, and micro-damage accumulation in the tissue. Aging and disease result in changes in the tissue quality that may reduce strength and toughness and lead to elevated fracture risk. Therefore, the capability to measure the quality of mineralized tissues provides critical information on disease progression and mechanical integrity. Here, we provide an overview of clinical and laboratory-based techniques to assess the quality of mineralized tissues in health and disease. Current techniques used in clinical settings include radiography-based (radiographs, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, EOS) and x-ray tomography-based methods (high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography). In the laboratory, tissue quality can be investigated in ex vivo samples with x-ray imaging (micro and nano-computed tomography, x-ray microscopy), electron microscopy (scanning/transmission electron imaging (SEM/STEM), backscattered scanning electron microscopy, Focused Ion Beam-SEM), light microscopy, spectroscopy (Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and assessment of mechanical behavior (mechanical testing, fracture mechanics and reference point indentation). It is important for clinicians and basic science researchers to be aware of the techniques available in different types of research. While x-ray imaging techniques translated to the clinic have provided exceptional advancements in patient care, the future challenge will be to incorporate high-resolution laboratory-based bone quality measurements into clinical settings to broaden the depth of information available to clinicians during diagnostics, treatment and management of mineralized tissue pathologies.
U2 - 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104138
DO - 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104138
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 33157423
VL - 113
JO - J MECH BEHAV BIOMED
JF - J MECH BEHAV BIOMED
SN - 1751-6161
M1 - 104138
ER -