Anomalous self-experiences (ASE) in relation to clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), childhood trauma and general psychopathology among adolescent and young adult help seekers

Background
Anomalous self-experiences (ASE) are suggested as a phenotypic core feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and present in at risk samples as well. In our study, we investigated the relation between ASE and clinical high risk state for psychosis (CHRsingle bondP) against the background of further influencing factors like childhood trauma and general psychopathology.

Methods
126 help-seeking adolescents were included. CHR-P patients were identified using the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS). ASE were assessed with the Inventory of Psychotic-like Anomalous Self-Experiences (IPASE). Childhood trauma, depression and anxiety were assessed with well-established questionnaires (CTQ; PHQ-9; GAD-7).

Results
CHR-P subgroup (n = 50, 39.7%) show significantly higher scores in IPASE total (t (81.07) = -5.150, p = .000) and CTQ total (t (85.95) = -2.75, p = .007) in comparison with the non CHR-P subgroup. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that IPASE total could predict CHR-P status (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04, p = .000). Furthermore, CTQ total and IPASE total show moderate to strong positive correlation (r = 0.44, p < .001) as well as CTQ total with both IPASE subdomains Cognition (r = 0.404, p < .001) and Self- Awareness (r = 0.443, p < .001).

Conclusion
The CHR-P subgroup shows significantly more ASE than the non CHR-P subgroup. Further, ASE predicted CHR-P status. Our results indicated that ASE could play a considerable role in the identification of high risk for developing schizophrenia spectrum disorder and could complement CHR-P testing. Importantly, it seems that ASE may be related to exposure to childhood trauma.