An AKI biomarker lipocalin 2 in the blood derives from the kidney in renal injury but from neutrophils in normal and infected conditions
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An AKI biomarker lipocalin 2 in the blood derives from the kidney in renal injury but from neutrophils in normal and infected conditions. / Kanda, Junya; Mori, Kiyoshi; Kawabata, Hiroshi; Kuwabara, Takashige; Mori, Keita P; Imamaki, Hirotaka; Kasahara, Masato; Yokoi, Hideki; Mizumoto, Chisaki; Thoennissen, Nils H; Koeffler, H Phillip; Barasch, Jonathan; Takaori-Kondo, Akifumi; Mukoyama, Masashi; Nakao, Kazuwa.
In: CLIN EXP NEPHROL, Vol. 19, No. 1, 06.03.2014, p. 99-106.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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T1 - An AKI biomarker lipocalin 2 in the blood derives from the kidney in renal injury but from neutrophils in normal and infected conditions
AU - Kanda, Junya
AU - Mori, Kiyoshi
AU - Kawabata, Hiroshi
AU - Kuwabara, Takashige
AU - Mori, Keita P
AU - Imamaki, Hirotaka
AU - Kasahara, Masato
AU - Yokoi, Hideki
AU - Mizumoto, Chisaki
AU - Thoennissen, Nils H
AU - Koeffler, H Phillip
AU - Barasch, Jonathan
AU - Takaori-Kondo, Akifumi
AU - Mukoyama, Masashi
AU - Nakao, Kazuwa
PY - 2014/3/6
Y1 - 2014/3/6
N2 - BACKGROUND: Lipocalin 2 (LCN2 or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) is a secretory protein discovered from neutrophils, which accumulates in the blood and urine during acute kidney injury (AKI) and in the blood by bacterial infection. Little is known about the tissue source and molecular forms of this protein under normal and pathophysiologic conditions.METHODS: By sandwich ELISA, serum and urinary LCN2 levels were measured in 36 patients with hematologic malignancies who transiently became neutropenic by stem cell transplantation (SCT). To evaluate contribution of neutrophil-derived LCN2 in the physiologic blood LCN2 concentrations, we examined CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε (C/EBPε) knockout mice, which lack mature neutrophils.RESULTS: In patients without AKI and bacterial infection, at 1 week after SCT, the median blood neutrophil counts became zero and serum LCN2 levels were decreased by 76 ± 6 % (p < 0.01), but urinary LCN2 levels were not altered. During neutropenic conditions, bacterial infection caused only a modest rise of serum LCN2 but AKI produced a marked rise of serum and urinary LCN2 levels. Serum LCN2 concentrations in C/EBPε knockout mice were reduced by 66 ± 11 % compared to wild-type mice (p < 0.05). Blood LCN2 existed predominantly in high molecular weight forms (>100 kDa), while urinary LCN2 was mainly in low molecular weight forms.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that neutrophils are the major source of circulating LCN2 in normal and infected conditions, whereas blood and urinary LCN2 mainly derive from the kidney during AKI, and that the molecular forms and regulation of blood and urinary LCN2 are clearly distinct.
AB - BACKGROUND: Lipocalin 2 (LCN2 or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) is a secretory protein discovered from neutrophils, which accumulates in the blood and urine during acute kidney injury (AKI) and in the blood by bacterial infection. Little is known about the tissue source and molecular forms of this protein under normal and pathophysiologic conditions.METHODS: By sandwich ELISA, serum and urinary LCN2 levels were measured in 36 patients with hematologic malignancies who transiently became neutropenic by stem cell transplantation (SCT). To evaluate contribution of neutrophil-derived LCN2 in the physiologic blood LCN2 concentrations, we examined CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε (C/EBPε) knockout mice, which lack mature neutrophils.RESULTS: In patients without AKI and bacterial infection, at 1 week after SCT, the median blood neutrophil counts became zero and serum LCN2 levels were decreased by 76 ± 6 % (p < 0.01), but urinary LCN2 levels were not altered. During neutropenic conditions, bacterial infection caused only a modest rise of serum LCN2 but AKI produced a marked rise of serum and urinary LCN2 levels. Serum LCN2 concentrations in C/EBPε knockout mice were reduced by 66 ± 11 % compared to wild-type mice (p < 0.05). Blood LCN2 existed predominantly in high molecular weight forms (>100 kDa), while urinary LCN2 was mainly in low molecular weight forms.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that neutrophils are the major source of circulating LCN2 in normal and infected conditions, whereas blood and urinary LCN2 mainly derive from the kidney during AKI, and that the molecular forms and regulation of blood and urinary LCN2 are clearly distinct.
U2 - 10.1007/s10157-014-0952-7
DO - 10.1007/s10157-014-0952-7
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 24599361
VL - 19
SP - 99
EP - 106
JO - CLIN EXP NEPHROL
JF - CLIN EXP NEPHROL
SN - 1342-1751
IS - 1
ER -